Who owns the 10 S’pore firms targeted by the haze law?

Some companies had responded to the notices, saying they would cooperate with the authorities.

Published Oct 24, 2026, 11:57 PM

Updated Oct 24, 2026, 11:57 PM

SINGAPORE - On Oct 23, the National Environment Agency (NEA) issued notices to 10 Singapore-based firms under the Republic’s haze law.

This marked Singapore ’s widening probe against companies believed to be linked to the transboundary haze choking the region. NEA had earlier in October also issued legal notices to 10 Indonesian firms . Of the Singapore companies, some had responded to the notices within a day of receiving them , saying they would cooperate with the authorities.

Senior Minister K. Shanmugam on Oct 19 warned that errant firms will no longer be allowed to hide behind complex corporate structures or geographical borders to evade responsibility, with the Republic ready to use “every legal and regulatory lever” to confront them.

Using corporate documents and filings, The Straits Times takes a deeper look at who these Singapore companies are linked to.

Three of the 10 firms issued NEA notices on Oct 23 are subsidiaries of Sinar Mas, a conglomerate with businesses in eight sectors, including agroforestry, telecommunications, energy and real estate development.

The three firms are APP Company, APP Company (China) and Golden Agri International.

The conglomerate is under the control of the Widjaja family, one of Indonesia’s richest families, with an estimated net worth of US$28.3 billion (S$36.1 billion).

In 2025, Forbes placed the Widjajas in third place out of Indonesia’s top 50 richest individuals and families.

APP had been linked to the haze during the 2015 crisis as well.

Back then, three of its Indonesian pulpwood suppliers had been issued preventive measures notices under Section 9 of Singapore’s haze law by the NEA. Their cases were never closed.

The same three firms, Bumi Andalas Permai, Bumi Mekar Hijau and Sebangun Bumi Andalas Wood Industries, were again issued such notices in 2026. Another of its suppliers, Buana Megatama Jaya, was also implicated in 2026.

A fifth Indonesian firm that received a section 9 notice from NEA in 2026, Baratama Putra Perkasa, may also have ties to APP.

ST reported on Oct 20 that its beneficial owner Lee Mon Lun was listed as a director and chairman of the board for Greenrich Group, a logging company in Cambodia.

Greenrich Group does not appear anywhere on APP’s website, but its public relations manager in 2020 was quoted in Cambodian news outlets as saying the firm is an APP subsidiary.

According to APP’s financial statement for 2025, it recorded an operating profit of US$1.65 billion (S$2.1 billion). Some of its popular brands include Paseo and Nice.

Corporate registry filings reveal that APP Company lists Japanese national Kunihiko Naito and Indonesian national Suresh Kilam as directors.

Meanwhile, APP China lists Singaporean Jennifer Loy Huey Ling and Singapore permanent resident Linda Suryasari Wijaya Limantara as its directors. Linda is a scion of the Widjaja family , which owns the overarching Sinar Mas conglomerate .

Leading APP Group’s sustainability committee is Bernard Tan, a former Brigadier-General who served as Chief of Armour in the Singapore Armed Forces, and who previously helmed the Football Association of Singapore. He was also the former country head for DBS Bank in Indonesia and ex-marketing head of ST Engineering.

Golden Agri International

This oil palm company is also under the Sinar Mas group , according to the latter’s website .

It shares an office building with the APP companies. The firms are located at Golden Agri Plaza on Pasir Panjang Road.

According to corporate documents, Golden Agri International has six different directors of various nationalities.

The main shareholder of this firm is Golden Agri Resources, which is listed on the Singapore Exchange (SGX).

The same directors also appear on the website of its parent company, where they hold senior positions, including executive director, chief financial officer and chief operating officer, among others.

Golden Agri-Resources’ chairman and chief executive is Franky Oesman Widjaja. His daughter, Jesslyne Widjaja – a Singapore citizen – is its executive director of strategy, people and transformation.

Wilmar International

The largest agribusiness among the 10 companies named, Wilmar International was founded by Singaporean billionaire Kuok Khoon Hong and Indonesian businessman Martua Sitorus.

Kuok remains the chairman and chief executive.

Its board of directors include Singapore’s former foreign minister George Yeo; Jessica Cheam, the founder and chief executive of sustainability-focused media organisation Eco-Business; as well as Lee Huay Leng, editor-in-chief of the Chinese Media Group at SPH Media.

On Oct 16, Wilmar International acknowledged that fires had been detected in some of its Indonesian concessions. However, it said the blazes originated outside the boundaries or on land farmed by local communities within them.

Indofood Agri Resources

Indofood Agri Resources is also listed on the SGX.

Its parent company – Indofood Sukses Makmur – is the manufacturer of popular instant noodle brand Indomie.

This firm is owned by the Salim Group. One of Indonesia’s largest conglomerates, it is currently headed by Anthoni Salim, with business records showing that he is a Singapore permanent resident.

His son, Axton Salim, is listed as a non-executive director for Indofood Agri Resources.

Meanwhile, its chairman is Philip Yeo, the former chairman of the Economic Development Board. Yeo had been a special adviser for economic development in the Prime Minister’s Office from 2007 to 2011, and had taken over the chairmanship at Indofood Agri Resources from former Singapore Ambassador to Indonesia Edward Lee.

Founded in 1996 and listed on the SGX since 2012, palm oil producer Bumitama Agri is helmed by chief executive Lim Gunawan Hariyanto, a Singapore permanent resident.

The firm operates under the Harita Group conglomerate , which was founded by his grandfather and then expanded upon by his father Lim Hariyanto Wijaya Sarwono .

The family’s agricultural operations recently drew scrutiny when another plantation firm owned by the elder Lim, Damai Agro Sejahtera, was named in an Oct 5 report by environmental group Greenpeace, which monitors corporate links to the haze-causing fires.

First Resources is controlled by a company called Eight Capital Inc, which was set up in the British Virgin Islands.

Associated with this company is a family trust which is held for the benefit of the Fangiono family.

Beneficiaries of the trust include Wirastuty Fangiono, Wirasneny Fangiono, Myra Ting An, Ciliandra Fangiono, Fang Zhixiang, Ciliandrew Fangiono, as well as their children and future descendants.

These names are also outlined in First Resources’ annual report, with ST checks showing that Myra Ting An is also known as Wirashery Fangiono, while Fang Zhixiang is also known as Sigih Fangiono.

Corporate documents indicate that the Fangiono family members are either Singapore citizens or permanent residents.

The patriarch of the family – Martias – was sentenced to prison for corruption in December 2007 by Indonesia’s Supreme Court after he was found guilty of obtaining licences for oil palm plantations, in order to gain access to rainforest areas in Borneo. Court documents suggest he had logged the trees while barely planting any oil palms.

That same month, First Resources was listed on the SGX Mainboard, led by his son, Ciliandra, who is chief executive. His other son, Fang, or Sigih, is deputy chief executive.

In Greenpeace’s Oct 5 report, a oil palm plantation firm – Kayung Agro Lestari – belonging to First Resources was identified as one of 20 oil palm concession entities with the largest number of haze source points between August and Oct 1.

It was ranked ninth, with 25 source spots that burned for seven days.

On Oct 15, First Resources told ST that the detection of hot spots or other satellite-based observations within or near a plantation concession does not “by itself establish the origin of a fire, responsibility for its occurrence, or any deliberate use of fire for land clearing by the concession holder”.

On its website, it states that the company’s chairman and independent director is Chang See Hiang, founder and senior partner of law firm Chang See Hiang and Partners.

He was previously a board member for Spanish football club Valencia CF, having been appointed to the role after the club was acquired by Singaporean billionaire Peter Lim in 2014.

Listed on the SGX since 2008, Kencana Agri was incorporated in Singapore on Sept 26, 2007.

According to information on the SGX, it is a producer of crude palm oil and crude palm kernel oil in Indonesia, with a total land bank of 107,782ha (or about 1.4 times the size of Singapore), along with a total planted area of 32,330ha of oil palm plantations.

On Oct 16, the company said that the Indonesian authorities had inspected a concession area in North Kalimantan that was operated by a subsidiary, noting that fires had affected about 62ha of concession land there.

However, it maintained that the fires were spread from adjacent land instead of originating from its suppliers’ operations.

Kencana Agri is run by the Maknawi family and its chairman is Henry Maknawi, while its executive vice-chairperson is his sister Ratna Maknawi, a Singapore PR.

The chief executive and executive director is Henry’s son, Albert.

On Jan 1, 2026, Charles Loo Cheau Leong was appointed as a director of Kencana Agri.

Loo is also the deputy chief operating officer and chief financial officer of Wilmar International, which was among the 10 companies NEA issued notices to.

This firm is linked to two Singapore firms issued notices by the NEA.

TSH Global Plantation

The two companies are under a Malaysian oil palm plantation group with a primary listing on Bursa Malaysia and a secondary listing on the SGX.

The parent company is chaired by its co-founder – Datuk Kelvin Tan Aik Pen. Corporate records show him to be a Singapore PR, with a residential address at the Seascape condominium in Sentosa Cove.

On Oct 22, TSH Resources said 274 hot spots were detected within its concession boundaries in Indonesia between Jan 1 and Oct 21. However, it maintained that none of the fires had taken place in its planted or operational areas.

According to its 2025 annual report, it operates 36,000ha of planted areas in Kalimantan and Sumatra, measuring almost half of Singapore’s size.

In September, TSH Resources disclosed that an indirect Indonesian subsidiary in which it had a 90% stake was fined about RM42 million (S$13 million) for cultivating land outside the legally approved plantation area in Indonesia.

Aqil Hamzah is a transport journalist at The Straits Times. He is also interested in issues related to crime and technology.

Ang Qing is a journalist covering local and international breaking news at The Straits Times, with a focus on the environment, crime, technology and social issues.

一些公司已对通知作出回应，表示将配合当局的工作。

发布于 2026 年 10 月 24 日晚上 11:57

更新于2026年10月24日晚上11:57

新加坡——10月23日，国家环境局（NEA）根据新加坡的雾霾法向10家新加坡公司发出通知。

这标志着新加坡对涉嫌造成跨境雾霾影响的公司展开了更大规模的调查。此前，新加坡国家环境局（NEA）已于10月初向10家印尼公司发出法律通知。在新加坡公司中，部分公司在收到通知后一天内作出回应，表示将配合当局的调查。

10月19日，高级部长尚穆根警告说，违规公司将不再被允许躲在复杂的公司结构或地理边界背后逃避责任，新加坡共和国准备动用“一切法律和监管手段”来对抗它们。

《海峡时报》利用公司文件和备案资料，深入调查了这些新加坡公司与哪些人有关联。

10 月 23 日，国家环境局 (NEA) 向 10 家公司发出通知，其中 3 家是金光集团 (Sinar Mas) 的子公司。金光集团是一家多元化企业集团，业务涵盖八个领域，包括农林业、电信、能源和房地产开发。

这三家公司分别是 APP 公司、APP 公司（中国）和金农国际。

该集团由印度尼西亚最富有的家族之一维贾亚家族控制，该家族的净资产估计为 283 亿美元（361 亿新元）。

2025年，《福布斯》杂志将维贾亚家族列为印尼最富有的50位个人和家族中的第三位。

在2015年的危机中，APP也曾与雾霾有关。

当时，新加坡国家环境局曾根据新加坡雾霾法第9条向其三家印尼纸浆木材供应商发出预防措施通知。这些案件至今仍未结案。

这三家公司，Bumi Andalas Permai、Bumi Mekar Hijau 和 Sebangun Bumi Andalas Wood Industries，在 2026 年再次收到此类通知。其另一家供应商 Buana Megatama Jaya 也于 2026 年受到牵连。

第五家于 2026 年收到国家环境局 (NEA) 第 9 条通知的印尼公司 Baratama Putra Perkasa 也可能与 APP 有关联。

《海峡时报》10月20日报道，其受益所有人李蒙伦被列为柬埔寨伐木公司格林里奇集团的董事兼董事长。

Greenrich Group 没有出现在 APP 的网站上，但其公关经理在 2020 年接受柬埔寨新闻媒体采访时表示，该公司是 APP 的子公司。

根据APP发布的2025年财务报表，其营业利润为16.5亿美元（约合21亿新元）。旗下知名品牌包括Paseo和Nice。

公司注册文件显示，APP 公司董事包括日本国民内藤邦彦和印度尼西亚国民苏雷什·基拉姆。

与此同时，APP China的董事名单显示，新加坡籍人士Jennifer Loy Huey Ling和新加坡永久居民Linda Suryasari Wijaya Limantara担任董事。Linda是Widjaja家族的后裔，该家族拥有庞大的金光集团（Sinar Mas）。

APP集团可持续发展委员会的负责人是陈伯纳德，他曾是新加坡武装部队装甲兵司令，军衔为准将，此前还曾执掌新加坡足球协会。此外，他还曾担任星展银行印尼区负责人和新加坡科技工程公司市场营销主管。

金农国际

根据金光集团官网显示，这家棕榈油公司也隶属于金光集团。

它与APP公司共用一栋办公楼。这些公司位于巴西班让路上的金农广场。

根据公司文件，金农国际公司有六位不同国籍的董事。

该公司的主要股东是金光农业资源有限公司（Golden Agri Resources），该公司在新加坡交易所（SGX）上市。

这些董事也出现在其母公司的网站上，他们在母公司担任高级职位，包括执行董事、首席财务官和首席运营官等。

金光农业资源有限公司董事长兼首席执行官是弗兰基·奥斯曼·维贾亚。他的女儿杰斯琳·维贾亚（新加坡公民）是该公司战略、人力资源和转型执行董事。

丰益国际

在被提及的 10 家公司中，规模最大的农业企业是丰益国际，它由新加坡亿万富翁郭孔丰和印尼商人马图亚·西托鲁斯创立。

郭鹤年仍担任董事长兼首席执行官。

其董事会成员包括新加坡前外交部长杨荣文；专注于可持续发展的媒体机构 Eco-Business 的创始人兼首席执行官 Jessica Cheam；以及新加坡报业控股旗下中文媒体集团总编辑李慧玲。

10月16日，丰益国际承认其在印尼的部分特许经营区内发现火灾。但该公司表示，火灾起于特许经营区边界之外，或位于特许经营区内当地社区耕种的土地上。

印尼食品农业资源

Indofood Agri Resources也在新加坡交易所上市。

其母公司——Indofood Sukses Makmur——是知名方便面品牌Indomie的生产商。

这家公司隶属于萨林集团。萨林集团是印尼最大的企业集团之一，目前由安东尼·萨林领导，商业记录显示他是新加坡永久居民。

他的儿子 Axton Salim 被列为 Indofood Agri Resources 的非执行董事。

与此同时，该公司的董事长是前经济发展局主席杨荣文。杨荣文曾在2007年至2011年担任总理公署经济发展特别顾问，并从前新加坡驻印尼大使李显龙手中接过印尼食品农业资源公司董事长一职。

Bumitama Agri 成立于 1996 年，自 2012 年起在新加坡交易所上市，是一家棕榈油生产商，其首席执行官是新加坡永久居民 Lim Gunawan Hariyanto。

该公司隶属于哈里塔集团，该集团由他的祖父创立，然后由他的父亲林哈里扬托·维贾亚·萨尔沃诺 (Lim Hariyanto Wijaya Sarwono) 扩展。

最近，林氏家族的农业经营活动受到了密切关注，因为老林拥有的另一家种植园公司 Damai Agro Sejahtera 在 10 月 5 日环保组织绿色和平组织的一份报告中被点名。绿色和平组织负责监测企业与造成烟雾的火灾之间的联系。

第一资源公司由一家名为 Eight Capital Inc 的公司控制，该公司在英属维尔京群岛成立。

与该公司相关的是一个家族信托基金，该基金为方吉奥诺家族的利益而设立。

该信托的受益人包括 Wirastuty Fangiono、Wirasneny Fangiono、Myra Ting An、Ciliandra Fangiono、Fang Zhixiang、Ciliandrew Fangiono，以及他们的子女和后代。

这些名字也出现在 First Resources 的年度报告中，经 ST 核查显示，Myra Ting An 也被称为 Wirashery Fangiono，而 Fang Zhixiang 也被称为 Sigih Fangiono。

公司文件显示，方吉奥诺家族成员均为新加坡公民或永久居民。

家族族长马蒂亚斯于2007年12月被印尼最高法院以腐败罪判处监禁。他被认定为通过非法手段获取棕榈油种植园许可证，从而进入婆罗洲的热带雨林地区。法庭文件显示，他砍伐了大量树木，却几乎没有种植任何棕榈树。

同月，第一资源集团在新加坡交易所主板上市，由他的儿子西利安德拉担任首席执行官。他的另一个儿子方（或称西吉）担任副首席执行官。

绿色和平组织在 10 月 5 日发布的报告中指出，第一资源公司旗下的油棕种植园企业 Kayung Agro Lestari 被列为 8 月至 10 月 1 日期间烟雾源点数量最多的 20 家油棕特许经营实体之一。

它排名第九，有 25 个广告位持续燃烧了七天。

10 月 15 日，First Resources 告诉《海峡时报》，在种植园特许经营区内或附近探测到热点或其他基于卫星的观测结果，本身并不能“确定火灾的起因、火灾发生的责任，或者特许经营权持有人故意使用火来清理土地”。

该公司在其网站上声明，公司董事长兼独立董事是张世祥，他是张世祥律师事务所的创始人兼高级合伙人。

他此前曾担任西班牙足球俱乐部瓦伦西亚 CF 的董事会成员，该俱乐部于 2014 年被新加坡亿万富翁林荣福收购后，他被任命担任该职务。

Kencana Agri于2007年9月26日在新加坡注册成立，自2008年起在新加坡交易所上市。

根据新加坡交易所的信息，该公司是印度尼西亚的毛棕榈油和毛棕榈仁油生产商，拥有107,782公顷的土地储备（约合新加坡面积的1.4倍），以及32,330公顷的油棕种植园。

10 月 16 日，该公司表示，印尼当局检查了其子公司在北加里曼丹运营的一处特许经营区，并指出火灾影响了那里约 62 公顷的特许经营土地。

然而，该公司坚称火灾是从邻近土地蔓延过来的，而不是源于其供应商的运营活动。

Kencana Agri 由 Maknawi 家族经营，其董事长是 Henry Maknawi，而其执行副董事长是他的妹妹 Ratna Maknawi，她是新加坡永久居民。

首席执行官兼执行董事是亨利的儿子阿尔伯特。

2026年1月1日，Charles Loo Cheau Leong被任命为Kencana Agri的董事。

Loo 同时也是丰益国际的副首席运营官兼首席财务官，丰益国际是新加坡国家环境局发出通知的 10 家公司之一。

这家公司与新加坡国家环境局 (NEA) 发出通知的两家新加坡公司有关联。

TSH全球种植园

这两家公司隶属于一家马来西亚油棕种植集团，该集团在马来西亚证券交易所上市，并在新加坡交易所二次上市。

母公司董事长是其联合创始人拿督陈益平。公司记录显示他是新加坡永久居民，居住地址位于圣淘沙湾海景公寓。

10月22日，TSH Resources表示，1月1日至10月21日期间，在其位于印度尼西亚的特许经营区内发现了274个热点。但该公司坚称，没有一起火灾发生在其种植区或运营区内。

根据其 2025 年年度报告，该公司在加里曼丹和苏门答腊经营着 36,000 公顷的种植区，面积几乎是新加坡的一半。

9 月，TSH Resources 披露，其持有 90% 股份的一家印尼间接子公司因在印尼合法批准的种植区外耕种土地而被罚款约 4200 万令吉（1300 万新元）。

阿基尔·哈姆扎是《海峡时报》的交通记者。他也对犯罪和科技相关议题感兴趣。

Ang Qing是《海峡时报》的一名记者，负责报道本地和国际突发新闻，重点关注环境、犯罪、科技和社会问题。