Canada’s retaliatory tariffs take effect as Trump threatens to ban Bombardier jet sales in US

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President Donald Trump on Monday threatened to ban the sale of Canadian Bombardier jets if they are not built in the United States, hours before Canada moved forward with $20 billion worth of retaliatory tariffs on American goods, which took effect at 12:01 a.m. ET Tuesday.

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney has stood firm on the country’s countermeasures and has signaled he will match any future trade actions Trump enacts.

The latest spat marks a new, more vicious chapter in the rapidly escalating trade war between the two countries.

The new levies include a doubling of taxes charged on American aluminum and steel to 50%, matching the rate the US charges on the metals from Canada. Paper products, construction materials, home appliances and agricultural products are also facing fresh duties.

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Trade talks between the two nations, which are top trading partners with one another, broke down last month at the 11th hour. Trump had initially pushed back his self-imposed deadline for the tariffs, touting a deal that was within reach. But the two sides failed to bridge their remaining differences as negotiators haggled over the final details.

Since then, Trump and Carney have traded increasingly pointed jabs. Trump went as far as renaming Lake Ontario as “Lake America,” threatened to double auto tariffs to 50% on January 1, and now has threatened to ban one of Canada’s top aircraft companies from selling in the US unless it builds there.

“If they want our Market, they must build here, and stop treating America like a ‘piggybank,’” Trump said in a Truth Social post Monday. CNN has reached out to the White House regarding the suggested ban.

In a response to CNN, the Montreal-based company said it maintains a significant manufacturing presence in the US, and has continued to expand in the country. “The American aerospace industry is a clear winner on trade and exports. Bombardier is a strong contributor to the sector, creating tens of thousands of jobs across the United States,” it said.

Throughout the trade talks, Carney has accused the Americans of not negotiating seriously.

Chris Tanouye/Reuters

“When the Americans stop doing memes, stop throwing shade, stop trying to be tough and start being serious about having those discussions — we can have those discussions,” Carney said last week.

The intensifying trade war between the two neighbors is unfolding just two months before the US midterm elections, putting Republicans in competitive races in the position of explaining their views on tariffs imposed by the president. That includes Sen. Susan Collins of Maine, who faces a tough reelection fight and has criticized Trump’s tariffs.

Canadian Minister of Industry Mélanie Joly said the government is specifically tailoring its countermeasures to “put political pressure” on the Trump administration to reconsider its actions. Ottawa, however, exempted American seafood from the 25% duties — a move that spared industries in key states such as Alaska and Maine from a potentially significant hit.

Trump is all but certain to respond to these countermeasures, prompting yet another response from Carney. This next tit-for-tat could hit closer to home.

Ontario Premier Doug Ford has said that his province could put restrictions on electricity exports to the border states it supplies, such as New York and Michigan.

Courtesy Louis Patenaude

His shop straddles the US-Canada border. A historic friendship is crumbling on both sides.

Canadian officials said their American counterparts pressed Canada to change rules governing how prominently Canadian and French-language content is displayed on streaming platforms, as well as product labeling requirements for English and French. Carney has defended those protections as fundamental to Canadian culture.

“For the Americans, questions about the French language, Quebec culture, francophone culture and Canadian culture are irritants. Here in Quebec, here in Canada, they are rights, fundamental rights,” Carney said last month.

Trump, meanwhile, said, “I would never interfere with Canadians speaking French!” He added in a Truth Social post that he viewed Carney’s stance toward the US as an attempt to strengthen his political base.

US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer has denied that discussions over French-language requirements were what caused the talks to collapse.

Carney portrayed that as a reversal from the discussions that took place. “All of a sudden, they don’t care about Canadian language or culture and those elements. Well, if they didn’t care, they shouldn’t have kept them in the deal,” Carney said last week.

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US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said the deal fell apart because of last-minute requests Canadian trade officials made, including tariff relief for trucks. The US currently imposes a 25% duty on those vehicles, with exemptions for the portion of each vehicle that complies with the trilateral trade agreement between the US, Canada and Mexico that Trump brokered during his first term. The same 25% duties apply to cars and car parts.

As part of the preliminary deal, the US had agreed to lower auto tariffs to 15%, “with the possibility of going down to 7%,” Greer said in an August interview with CBC News. He also said that they agreed to halve levies on steel and aluminum to 25%.

The verdict is in on Trump’s ‘Lake America’ and Canada trade war. It’s not good

On the sidelines of the G20 meeting last week, US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent suggested the US has the upper hand in the trade war. “I don’t think you can be in a tit-for-tat with someone who’s 13 times larger than you are,” he said in a CNBC interview on August 31.

While it’s true that the US economy is 13 times the size of Canada’s in terms of gross domestic product last year, that doesn’t mean the US can walk away unscathed.

However, Trump on Friday said the US would save money by cutting off trade with Canada. “If we don’t do any trading with Canada, we just end all trade with Canada, we’d save ourselves $90 billion.”

But the US-Canadian trade relationship is such that both sides rely on each other for goods that can’t easily be substituted from other trading partners, multiplying the pain both sides feel, irrespective of the size of their economies.

In general, when a trade war breaks out, the smaller economy has more to lose compared to the larger one, said Ari Van Assche, a professor of international business at HEC Montréal who specializes in international trade. That’s because bigger economies tend to rely less on trade to access goods and services compared to smaller economies.

Take, for instance, Ford’s automotive factory in Windsor, Canada, which produces specialized engines for some of the American manufacturer’s biggest trucks.

“It’s difficult for (Ford) to say, ‘Ah, no problem. We’re going to import it now from Mexico,’ because the components made in Mexico are very different,” Van Assche told CNN.

Since businesses often negotiate pricing contracts well in advance of when goods reach ports, consumers on both sides of the border are unlikely to see immediate effects of the new duties, said Gordon Hanson, a professor at Harvard University’s Kennedy School who studies trade and immigration.

But by next summer, they could see markedly higher prices.

This story has been updated.

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周一，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普威胁称，如果加拿大庞巴迪公司的飞机不在美国制造，他将禁止向加拿大出售这些飞机。几个小时后，加拿大对价值 200 亿美元的美国商品加征报复性关税，该关税于美国东部时间周二凌晨 12:01 生效。

加拿大总理马克·卡尼对该国的反制措施立场坚定，并表示将对特朗普未来采取的任何贸易行动予以对等应对。

此次最新争端标志着两国间迅速升级的贸易战进入了一个新的、更加激烈的篇章。

新税项包括将美国铝和钢铁的税率提高一倍至50%，与美国对加拿大进口金属征收的税率持平。纸制品、建筑材料、家用电器和农产品也将面临新的关税。

Luke Sharrett/Bloomberg/Getty Images

两国作为彼此最重要的贸易伙伴，其贸易谈判上个月在最后一刻破裂。特朗普最初推迟了他自己设定的加征关税的最后期限，并宣称协议指日可待。但双方谈判代表在最后细节上讨价还价，最终未能弥合剩余分歧。

此后，特朗普和卡尼之间的口水战愈演愈烈。特朗普甚至将安大略湖更名为“美国湖”，威胁称将于1月1日将汽车关税提高一倍至50%，如今又威胁要禁止加拿大一家顶级飞机公司在美国销售飞机，除非该公司在美国建厂。

特朗普周一在Truth Social上发帖称：“如果他们想要我们的市场，就必须在这里建厂，别再把美国当成‘提款机’。” CNN已就这项禁令建议联系白宫。

这家总部位于蒙特利尔的公司在回复CNN的采访时表示，公司在美国保持着重要的生产规模，并持续扩大在美业务。“美国航空航天业在贸易和出口方面无疑是赢家。庞巴迪是该行业的重要贡献者，在美国各地创造了数万个就业岗位。”该公司表示。

在整个贸易谈判过程中，卡尼一直指责美国人没有认真谈判。

克里斯·塔努耶/路透社

卡尼上周表示：“当美国人不再玩表情包，不再互相嘲讽，不再试图表现强硬，而是开始认真地进行这些讨论时——我们就可以进行这些讨论了。”

美中两国贸易战愈演愈烈，而此时距离美国中期选举仅剩两个月，这使得面临激烈选战的共和党人不得不就总统加征的关税政策阐明立场。这其中包括缅因州参议员苏珊·柯林斯，她正面临艰难的连任之战，并曾公开批评特朗普的关税政策。

加拿大工业部长梅拉妮·乔利表示，政府正在专门制定应对措施，以“向特朗普政府施加政治压力”，促使其重新考虑相关行动。然而，渥太华方面豁免了美国海产品25%的关税——此举使阿拉斯加和缅因州等关键州的产业免受潜在的重大打击。

特朗普几乎肯定会对这些反制措施做出回应，这势必会引发卡尼的又一次回应。下一次针锋相对的较量可能会直接波及到他自己的利益。

安大略省省长道格·福特表示，该省可能会限制向其供电的邻州（如纽约州和密歇根州）出口电力。

路易斯·帕特诺德供图

他的店铺横跨美加边境。两国之间一段历史悠久的友谊正在瓦解。

加拿大官员表示，美国方面敦促加拿大修改有关加拿大和法语内容在流媒体平台上的展示比例以及英语和法语产品标签要求的规定。卡尼则辩称，这些保护措施对加拿大文化至关重要。

卡尼上个月表示：“对美国人来说，有关法语、魁北克文化、法语区文化和加拿大文化的问题都是令人恼火的。但在魁北克，在加拿大，这些都是权利，基本权利。”

与此同时，特朗普表示：“我绝不会干涉加拿大人说法语！” 他在 Truth Social 上发帖补充说，他认为卡尼对美国的立场是为了巩固其政治基础。

美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔否认了关于法语要求的讨论是导致谈判破裂的原因。

卡尼将此描述为与之前讨论的内容截然相反。“突然之间，他们就不在乎加拿大的语言、文化和这些元素了。如果他们不在乎，就不应该把这些元素保留在协议中，”卡尼上周说道。

Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

美国商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克表示，由于加拿大贸易官员在最后一刻提出要求，包括降低卡车的关税，导致协议破裂。美国目前对卡车征收25%的关税，但每辆车中符合美加墨三边贸易协定（特朗普在其第一任期内促成）的部分可享受豁免。轿车和汽车零部件也适用同样的25%关税。

作为初步协议的一部分，美国同意将汽车关税降至15%，“甚至有可能降至7%”，格里尔在8月接受加拿大广播公司（CBC）新闻采访时表示。他还表示，双方同意将钢铁和铝的关税减半至25%。

特朗普对美国和加拿大发起的“湖区”贸易战的最终结果已经出来了。结果并不乐观。

上周G20峰会期间，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特暗示美国在贸易战中占据上风。他在8月31日接受CNBC采访时表示：“我认为你不可能和一个比你大13倍的国家针锋相对。”

虽然美国经济去年的国内生产总值是加拿大的 13 倍，但这并不意味着美国可以毫发无损地全身而退。

然而，特朗普周五表示，美国可以通过切断与加拿大的贸易来节省资金。“如果我们不与加拿大进行任何贸易，直接终止与加拿大的所有贸易，我们将节省900亿美元。”

但美加贸易关系的特点是，双方都依赖对方提供难以从其他贸易伙伴那里替代的商品，这加剧了双方的痛苦，而与两国经济规模无关。

蒙特利尔高等商学院国际商务教授、国际贸易专家阿里·范·阿舍表示，一般来说，贸易战爆发时，规模较小的经济体比规模较大的经济体损失更大。这是因为与规模较小的经济体相比，规模较大的经济体往往较少依赖贸易来获取商品和服务。

以福特汽车位于加拿大温莎的工厂为例，该工厂为这家美国制造商的一些最大的卡车生产专用发动机。

范·阿什告诉 CNN：“福特很难说，‘啊，没问题。我们现在要从墨西哥进口，’因为墨西哥生产的零部件非常不同。”

哈佛大学肯尼迪学院研究贸易和移民的教授戈登·汉森表示，由于企业通常会在货物到达港口之前很久就协商定价合同，因此边境两侧的消费者不太可能立即感受到新关税的影响。

但到明年夏天，价格可能会显著上涨。

本文已更新。