Is Singapore psychologically prepared for a terror attack?

With the SGSecure movement in its 10th year, CNA spoke to psychologists from the Internal Security Department and the Ministry of Home Affairs.

A car with gas cylinders protruding out of its boot parked haphazardly as part of the Ministry of Home Affairs' SGSecure social experiment in June 2025. (Photo: MHA)

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SINGAPORE: "It's the moment that you have all been waiting for. The people I will be killing."

Those chilling words were in a 21-page manifesto written by a self-radicalised 14-year-old student who was planning a mass-casualty stabbing attack at his secondary school during the school holidays.

With just weeks before his planned attack, the teen was arrested by the Internal Security Department (ISD) in May. Authorities called the incident a "close shave".

This year marks 10 years since the launch of SGSecure, the country's community response to the threat of terrorism.

CNA Games Guess Word Crack the word, one row at a time Buzzword Create words using the given letters Mini Sudoku Tiny puzzle, mighty brain teaser Mini Crossword Small grid, big challenge Word Search Spot as many words as you can Show More Show Less CNA spoke to psychologists from ISD and the Ministry of Home Affairs' Home Team Psychology Division on whether Singapore and its people are psychologically prepared to deal with a terror attack. PSYCHOLOGICALLY PREPARED? People tend to associate terror attacks with fear, but being psychologically prepared goes beyond that, said assistant director of the Home Team Psychology Division Jasmine Tan. "When we talk about our psychological preparedness, ultimately what we really want to do is we want to move beyond the fear. We want to translate it into people being able to take action," she said. That preparedness has both cognitive and emotional aspects. Cognitively, people need to know what a terror attack looks like, through realistic drills or scenarios to prompt them to think about how they would navigate such a situation, said Ms Tan. They must know the reporting channels and the steps to take. "So that we don't just focus on the fear alone, but it's (about) equipping them with coping, the agency, so that they know that they can actually do something in that situation," Ms Tan added. That could mean helping others evacuate during a crisis or administering first aid. Being emotionally prepared helps people keep calm and not panic, said Ms Tan. "Ultimately, these are the different domains when we talk about psychological preparedness. What we eventually really want to do is that we hope that in times of terror or crisis, people will not freeze up."

CNA spoke to psychologists from ISD and the Ministry of Home Affairs' Home Team Psychology Division on whether Singapore and its people are psychologically prepared to deal with a terror attack.

PSYCHOLOGICALLY PREPARED?

People tend to associate terror attacks with fear, but being psychologically prepared goes beyond that, said assistant director of the Home Team Psychology Division Jasmine Tan.

"When we talk about our psychological preparedness, ultimately what we really want to do is we want to move beyond the fear. We want to translate it into people being able to take action," she said.

That preparedness has both cognitive and emotional aspects.

Cognitively, people need to know what a terror attack looks like, through realistic drills or scenarios to prompt them to think about how they would navigate such a situation, said Ms Tan.

They must know the reporting channels and the steps to take.

"So that we don't just focus on the fear alone, but it's (about) equipping them with coping, the agency, so that they know that they can actually do something in that situation," Ms Tan added.

That could mean helping others evacuate during a crisis or administering first aid. Being emotionally prepared helps people keep calm and not panic, said Ms Tan.

"Ultimately, these are the different domains when we talk about psychological preparedness. What we eventually really want to do is that we hope that in times of terror or crisis, people will not freeze up."

Ms Jasmine Tan, assistant director of the Home Team Psychology Division, at the Ministry of Home Affairs headquarters on Sep 10, 2026. (Photo: CNA/Mak Jia Kee)

Dr Diong Siew Maan, director at the Home Team Psychology Division, said that when psychological preparedness is done as a community, it makes confronting a crisis less daunting.

"When it's not done alone, it's less fearful also. And when it's done repeatedly, the fear actually goes down."

An example of a collective effort is psychological first aid. Describing it as "almost like an emotional band-aid", she said those keen to help others can be taught basic skills to become a psychological first responder.

They have to first prepare for the crisis and then look out for a person's safety and emotional needs, and if he or she is experiencing a certain type of distress.

Other skills include listening to their emotions or experiences and linking them with assistance or their loved ones based on their needs.

Dr Diong Siew Maan, director at the Home Team Psychology Division, speaking to the media at the Ministry of Home Affairs on Sep 10, 2026. (Photo: CNA/Mak Jia Kee)

"Realistically, there are very few psychologists and counsellors to attend to everybody. But if everybody has that skill in the community, then they can help one another … It's like a life skill."

First responders too need to be psychologically prepared. Routine operations can take a turn if they encounter something unexpected, such as their teammates getting injured or distressing situations involving children or vulnerable groups, said Dr Diong.

"That can affect our Home Team officers, even though they are trained, because situations evolve and change … When they work together, when they respond together, they are also constantly looking out for one another. And if something is seen to be not right with a particular officer, then the supervisor will usually do a check-in," she said. Supervisors can also refer them to psychologists, she said, adding that there are psychologists who respond to different officers at each Home Team department.

SGSecure is Singapore's community response to the threat of terrorism. It is a movement aimed at building the community's resilience and a call to action to come together and safeguard the way of life.

It focuses on three core actions in the fight against terrorism: staying alert to prevent a terrorist attack and to keep oneself safe in the event of an attack; staying united to help one another during peacetime and after an attack; and staying strong to safeguard Singapore's social fabric and bounce back as one people.

An SGSecure mobile app is also available for users to submit information on suspicious sightings to authorities and receive timely alerts and updates in the event of major emergencies.

Those with skills in CPR, first aid, basic firefighting and psychological first aid can sign up as a responder.

After signing up, they will receive alerts to cardiac arrests or minor fires happening nearby.

HAVE WE BECOME COMPLACENT?

In June 2025, MHA conducted two social experiments to test public vigilance and response to terror attacks.

In the first experiment, a man who was "dressed suspiciously" left a suitcase containing a dummy bomb in front of a car park and ATM at Our Tampines Hub during the peak lunch period.

The same suitcase, with wires sticking out, was placed at a pillar in front of a store during dinner hours, this time with a blinking red light.

The second experiment involved a car loaded with empty gas cylinders at the car park beside Bishan Community Club.

It was first parked haphazardly beside a sheltered walkway and later the gas cylinders were positioned to protrude out of the car boot, with smoke emitting periodically.

Of the 2,530 people who walked past the suspicious objects in both experiments, 17.3 per cent noticed them, based on MHA's observations.

Of those who noticed the suspicious object, only about 5.9 per cent – or 26 people – intended or took steps to inform the authorities. The vast majority walked away.

A suitcase containing a dummy bomb was left unattended at Our Tampines Hub as part of the Ministry of Home Affairs' SGSecure social experiment in June 2025. (Photo: MHA)

The few reports did not mean people in Singapore do not care or are complacent, said Dr Diong. Some could have been busy, failed to pay attention or did not have the time to help, she added.

"But I think a lot of Singaporeans still care," said Dr Diong. "There have been a lot of occasions when, when there's a call for help, Singaporeans will come forward. It is about giving the right information, the right time, and then people will step up."

Mindsets towards terrorism have shifted from thinking of it as something distant that happens elsewhere to something that could happen in Singapore, and the conversation is not whether an attack will happen, but when it will happen, said Dr Diong.

Ms Tan said people know they must be prepared for such incidents. Studies have shown that people are generally aware of the need to report any suspicious behaviour or items.

Dr Diong attributed this mindset shift to people in Singapore being well-connected and educated, and aware of events unfolding in other parts of the world.

Many travel out of Singapore, and some may have even experienced "some of this violence" overseas. These experiences have reinforced that the threat of terrorism is real, she said.

But awareness may not always translate to action. Ms Tan pointed to what psychologists call the intention and action gap as a possible explanation for the small proportion of people who reported the incidents during MHA's social experiments.

They may have had the intention to report, but various psychological barriers could have stopped them from doing so, she said. One is the bystander effect, where they believe someone else will make the report, so there is no need for them to act.

Others may have questioned whether the threat was real and decided not to report it for fear of appearing nosy or being punished if it turned out to be a false alarm.

"All this eventually shapes the decision of whether people take action or not. This gap in the intention and action … is useful because then it guides us to know exactly what we need to do, perhaps to prompt people to take more action," said Ms Tan.

Another challenge was misinformation and rumours about crises that spread quickly online, said Dr Diong.

This information can reach the public faster than authorities and agencies are able to respond. This means Home Team officers have to react and adapt quickly, attending to not just the real crisis on the ground but also the information gaps surrounding it.

The psychological consequences of such an attack can extend far beyond those physically involved.

"We also have to look into the emotions of people because people who are reading the news will also be affected. Which means that the help is no longer just confined to those who are affected by the incident, (but) those who have heard about the incident, and are indirectly being influenced as a result of the incident.

"That means that the type of psychological support following a crisis may need to be expanded," said Dr Diong.

For ISD's intelligence psychologists, some cases have challenged their assumptions about radicalisation and changed the way they approach their work.

The two psychologists cannot be named due to the sensitivity of their work.

Dave still recalls a case early in his career where he worked with a young person who had been radicalised. At that time, he had certain expectations of what a radicalised person would look like and how he or she would behave.

But when he sat with the person, he was surprised by how normal the youth was. "Their speech, behaviour, and mannerisms were familiar, because it felt like it almost mirrored my younger self," said Dave, who has been at ISD for five years.

"This encounter made me realise that the threats I was dealing with were not always visible just because they were 'extreme', but could be more subtle and invisible.

“This understanding changed the way I approached my work, making me more aware of the complexities and nuances of radicalisation."

It also changed the way he thought about rehabilitation and counselling. He recognised that rehabilitation required a deeper understanding of a person's motivations, vulnerabilities and circumstances.

The experience also drove home another lesson: those who had been radicalised were people who had been misled, some even duped, into believing certain ideologies.

"Most importantly, it made me believe that these individuals deserve a second chance. Despite the harm they may have caused or the ideologies they may have espoused in the past, I came to understand that they are still human beings capable of growth, change, and redemption," Dave said.

"By providing them with a supportive and non-judgmental environment, I believe that we can help them to rediscover their sense of purpose and identity, and to find a more positive and constructive path forward."

Dave specialises in psychological rehabilitation programmes for individuals dealt with under the Internal Security Act. These aim to change the thoughts, feelings, and behaviours associated with violent radicalisation.

As each case is unique, psychologists need to have a holistic understanding of the person and the factors related to their radicalisation, while developing a tailored rehabilitation plan, he said.

Dave (not his real name), an intelligence psychologist with the Internal Security Department, pictured on Sep 10, 2026. (Photo: CNA/Mak Jia Kee)

Cass said this collaborative approach helped to rehabilitate a youth she worked with in 2022.

The youth, whom she referred to as "Daniel", was one of the first few young people she had worked with. She was struck by his transformation – his resilience and his willingness to change were inspiring, Cass said.

"Despite the personal challenges he faced, he demonstrated a remarkable capacity for resilience and growth. Through our work together, I witnessed him blossom into a confident and capable individual, excelling in his academics and socially, and finding direction in life," she said.

"Daniel’s journey reinforced my perspective that by creating and providing an environment that is supportive, nurturing, and empowering, individuals can flourish and move toward the best versions of themselves."

Cass has spent 10 years at ISD, specialising in research, counselling and psychological risk assessment related to violent extremism. This involves evaluating a person's risk, vulnerability and protective factors to determine their likelihood of re-engaging in terrorism-related activities.

Cass (not her real name), an intelligence psychologist with the Internal Security Department, pictured on Sep 10, 2026. (Photo: CNA/Mak Jia Kee)

ISD warned earlier this week that the terrorism threat to Singapore remains high , with ongoing conflicts in the Middle East contributing to a volatile global security environment and elevating the terrorism threat worldwide.

It noted in its report that Singapore and its interests remain attractive targets for terrorists.

What would it take to prepare people psychologically in the event of a real attack without causing panic or fear?

To this, Ms Tan from the Home Team Psychology Division said balance is key.

"Fear can be a good thing because if there's no fear then people will not feel that there is a need to do anything, so there needs to be a certain level of fear," she said.

"But ... how to do it without unnecessarily causing fear? It needs a very balanced approach, and I would say a lot of it is mental preparation, preparing people for the possibility that this may happen."

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值此“SGSecure”运动开展10周年之际，CNA采访了来自内部安全局和内政部的心理学家。

2025年6月，一辆汽车随意停放，后备箱里伸出煤气罐，这是新加坡内政部“SGSecure”社会实验的一部分。（图片：内政部）

这段音频由人工智能工具生成。

新加坡：“你们期待已久的时刻终于到了。我要杀的人就是这些人。”

这些令人不寒而栗的话语出自一份长达 21 页的宣言，该宣言由一名自我激进化的 14 岁学生撰写，他计划在学校假期期间在其中学发动大规模伤亡的持刀袭击。

就在他计划发动袭击的几周前，这名青少年于5月份被内部安全部门（ISD）逮捕。当局称这起事件“侥幸逃脱”。

今年是SGSecure启动10周年，SGSecure是该国应对恐怖主义威胁的社区响应机制。

CNA游戏 猜词游戏 逐行破解单词 流行词游戏 用给定的字母组成单词 迷你数独 小谜题，脑力挑战 迷你填字游戏 小方格，大挑战 单词搜索 尽可能多地找出单词 显示更多 显示更少 CNA采访了信息服务处和内政部心理团队的心理学家，探讨新加坡及其民众是否已做好应对恐怖袭击的心理准备。 心理准备？ 内政部心理团队助理主任陈茉莉表示，人们往往会将恐怖袭击与恐惧联系起来，但心理准备远不止于此。“当我们谈到心理准备时，我们最终真正想要做的是克服恐惧。我们希望将恐惧转化为人们采取行动的能力，”她说。这种准备既包含认知层面，也包含情感层面。陈茉莉女士表示，在认知层面，人们需要了解恐怖袭击的样貌，通过逼真的演练或情景模拟，引导他们思考如何应对这种情况。他们必须了解报告渠道和应对步骤。“这样我们就不会只关注恐惧本身，而是要帮助他们掌握应对能力和行动力，让他们知道在那种情况下自己实际上可以做些什么，”谭女士补充道。这可能意味着在危机期间帮助他人撤离或提供急救。谭女士说，做好情绪准备有助于人们保持冷静，避免恐慌。“归根结底，当我们谈论心理准备时，这些就是不同的方面。我们最终真正想要的是，希望人们在恐怖袭击或危机时刻不会不知所措。”

CNA采访了ISD和内政部内政团队心理部门的心理学家，询问新加坡及其人民是否在心理上做好了应对恐怖袭击的准备。

心理准备充分吗？

内政部心理部门助理主任 Jasmine Tan 表示，人们往往会将恐怖袭击与恐惧联系起来，但做好心理准备远不止于此。

“当我们谈到心理准备时，我们最终真正想要做的是克服恐惧。我们希望将恐惧转化为人们采取行动的能力，”她说。

这种准备既包含认知方面，也包含情感方面。

谭女士表示，从认知角度来看，人们需要通过逼真的演练或场景来了解恐怖袭击是什么样子，从而促使他们思考如何应对这种情况。

他们必须了解举报渠道和举报步骤。

“这样我们就不只是关注恐惧本身，而是要让他们掌握应对能力和自主权，让他们知道在这种情况下他们实际上可以做些什么，”谭女士补充道。

这可能意味着在危机期间帮助他人撤离或提供急救。谭女士说，做好情绪准备有助于人们保持冷静，避免恐慌。

“归根结底，当我们谈论心理准备时，这些就是不同的领域。我们最终真正想要的是，希望在恐怖袭击或危机时刻，人们不会惊慌失措。”

2026年9月10日，内政团队心理司助理司长陈茉莉女士在内政部总部。（图片：CNA/麦嘉琪）

内政部心理部门主任迪昂·修·曼博士表示，如果社区能够做好心理准备，那么面对危机时就会不那么令人畏惧。

“如果不是独自一人去做，恐惧感也会减轻。而且，如果反复去做，恐惧感实际上会降低。”

心理急救就是一个集体努力的例子。她将其描述为“几乎就像情感创可贴”，并表示那些热心帮助他人的人可以学习一些基本技能，成为心理急救员。

他们首先要做好应对危机的准备，然后关注个人的安全和情感需求，以及他或她是否正在经历某种类型的痛苦。

其他技能包括倾听他们的情绪或经历，并根据他们的需求将他们与援助人员或亲人联系起来。

内政部心理咨询司司长迪昂秀曼博士于2026年9月10日在内政部接受媒体采访。（图片：CNA/麦嘉琪）

“实际上，心理学家和咨询师的数量非常有限，无法服务所有人。但如果社区里的每个人都掌握这项技能，他们就可以互相帮助……这就像一项生活技能。”

迪昂医生说，急救人员也需要做好心理准备。如果他们遇到意外情况，例如队友受伤或涉及儿童或弱势群体的令人痛心的情况，日常行动可能会发生转变。

“即使我们的内政团队警员都受过相关培训，这种情况也会对他们产生影响，因为形势瞬息万变……当他们一起工作、共同应对突发事件时，他们也会时刻互相照应。如果发现某位警员出现任何异常，主管通常会进行询问，”她说道。她还表示，主管也可以将他们转介给心理咨询师，并补充说，每个内政团队部门都有专门的心理咨询师为不同的警员提供服务。

SGSecure是新加坡社区应对恐怖主义威胁的举措。它是一项旨在增强社区韧性的运动，也是一项呼吁大家团结起来捍卫生活方式的行动。

它着重强调反恐斗争中的三项核心行动：保持警惕以防止恐怖袭击，并在发生袭击时保护自身安全；保持团结，在和平时期和袭击后互相帮助；保持坚强，维护新加坡的社会结构，并作为一个民族团结起来重新振作。

SGSecure 移动应用程序也可供用户向当局提交可疑目击信息，并在发生重大紧急情况时接收及时的警报和更新。

具备心肺复苏、急救、基本消防和心理急救技能的人可以报名成为急救员。

注册后，他们将收到附近发生心脏骤停或轻微火灾的警报。

我们是否变得自满？

2025年6月，内政部进行了两项社会实验，以测试公众对恐怖袭击的警惕性和反应。

在第一个实验中，一名“穿着可疑”的男子在午餐高峰期将一个装有假炸弹的行李箱放在淡滨尼天地（Our Tampines Hub）的停车场和自动取款机前。

同一个行李箱，电线从外面伸出来，在晚餐时间被放在商店前的柱子上，这次还亮起了闪烁的红灯。

第二个实验是在碧山民众俱乐部旁边的停车场，用一辆装满空煤气罐的汽车进行。

它最初被随意地停放在有遮蔽的人行道旁，后来煤气罐被放置在汽车后备箱外突出的位置，并不时冒出烟雾。

根据MHA的观察，在两次实验中，共有2530人路过可疑物品，其中17.3%的人注意到了这些物品。

在注意到可疑物品的人中，只有约5.9%（即26人）打算或采取了措施通知当局。绝大多数人选择离开。

2025年6月，作为新加坡内政部“SGSecure”社会实验的一部分，一个装有模拟炸弹的行李箱被放置在淡滨尼天地无人看管。（图片：内政部）

迪昂医生表示，少数报告并不意味着新加坡民众漠不关心或麻木不仁。她补充说，有些人可能很忙，没有注意到，或者没有时间提供帮助。

“但我认为很多新加坡人仍然很关心此事，”迪昂医生说。“很多时候，当需要帮助时，新加坡人都会挺身而出。关键在于提供正确的信息，把握正确的时机，这样人们就会行动起来。”

迪昂博士说，人们对恐怖主义的看法已经从认为恐怖主义是发生在遥远其他地方的事情，转变为认为恐怖主义也可能发生在新加坡的事情，现在讨论的不再是袭击是否会发生，而是袭击何时会发生。

谭女士表示，人们都知道必须做好应对此类事件的准备。研究表明，人们普遍意识到需要举报任何可疑行为或物品。

迪昂博士将这种思维方式的转变归因于新加坡人与外界联系紧密、受过良好教育，并且了解世界其他地区正在发生的事情。

许多人离开新加坡旅行，有些人甚至可能在海外经历过“类似的暴力事件”。她说，这些经历让他们更加确信恐怖主义的威胁是真实存在的。

但意识并不总是能转化为行动。谭女士指出，心理学家所说的“意图与行动差距”或许可以解释为什么在内政部开展的社会实验中，只有少数人报告了相关事件。

她说，他们或许原本打算举报，但各种心理障碍可能阻止了他们这样做。其中之一是旁观者效应，即他们认为其他人会举报，所以自己没有必要采取行动。

其他人可能质疑威胁是否真实存在，并决定不予报告，因为害怕被认为多管闲事，或者如果最终证明是虚惊一场则受到惩罚。

“所有这些最终都会影响人们是否采取行动的决定。这种意图和行动之间的差距……是有用的，因为它能引导我们确切地知道我们需要做什么，或许可以促使人们采取更多行动，”谭女士说。

迪昂博士表示，另一个挑战是关于危机的错误信息和谣言在网上迅速传播。

这些信息传播速度可能比当局和机构的反应速度更快。这意味着内政团队官员必须迅速做出反应和调整，不仅要应对实际发生的危机，还要弥补围绕危机的信息缺口。

这种袭击造成的心理后果可能远远超出身体上受到影响的人群。

“我们还必须关注人们的情绪，因为阅读新闻的人也会受到影响。这意味着援助不再局限于事件的直接受害者，而是包括那些听说了事件并因此间接受到影响的人。”

“这意味着危机后的心理支持类型可能需要扩大，”迪昂博士说。

对于 ISD 的情报心理学家来说，一些案例挑战了他们对激进化的假设，并改变了他们开展工作的方式。

由于工作的敏感性，这两位心理学家的姓名不能透露。

戴夫至今仍记得他职业生涯早期的一个案例，当时他接触了一位被极端化的年轻人。那时，他对极端化者的外貌和行为方式有一些既定的印象。

但当他与那人坐下来交谈时，却惊讶地发现这个年轻人非常正常。“他们的言谈举止都很熟悉，感觉就像是我年轻时的翻版，”在ISD工作了五年的戴夫说道。

“这次遭遇让我意识到，我所面临的威胁并不总是显而易见的，仅仅因为它们是‘极端’的，它们也可能更加微妙和隐蔽。

“这种理解改变了我对待工作的方式，让我更加意识到激进化的复杂性和细微差别。”

这也改变了他对康复和咨询的看法。他意识到，康复需要更深入地了解一个人的动机、脆弱之处和处境。

这次经历也让人明白了另一个道理：那些变得激进的人都是被误导，甚至被欺骗，从而相信某些意识形态的人。

“最重要的是，它让我相信这些人值得拥有第二次机会。尽管他们过去可能造成过伤害，或者信奉过某些意识形态，但我逐渐明白，他们仍然是人，有能力成长、改变和救赎，”戴夫说道。

“我相信，通过为他们提供一个支持性和不带评判的环境，我们可以帮助他们重新发现人生目标和身份认同，并找到一条更加积极和建设性的前进道路。”

戴夫专门从事根据《内部安全法》处理的个人的心理康复计划。这些计划旨在改变与暴力极端化相关的思想、情感和行为。

他说，由于每个案例都是独一无二的，心理学家需要对当事人及其激进化相关因素有全面的了解，同时制定量身定制的康复计划。

戴夫（化名），一名在内部安全部门工作的心理情报专家，照片拍摄于2026年9月10日。（图片：CNA/麦嘉琪）

卡斯表示，这种合作方式帮助她在 2022 年帮助过的一名青少年重获新生。

她称这位名叫“丹尼尔”的年轻人为她最早接触的几个年轻人之一。卡斯说，丹尼尔的转变令她印象深刻——他的韧性和改变的意愿令人鼓舞。

“尽管他面临诸多个人挑战，但他展现出了惊人的韧性和成长能力。在我们共同努力的过程中，我亲眼见证了他成长为一个自信能干的人，在学业和社交方面都表现出色，并找到了人生方向，”她说。

“丹尼尔的经历更加坚定了我的观点，即通过创造和提供一个支持性、培养性和赋能性的环境，个人可以茁壮成长，并朝着最好的自己迈进。”

卡斯在ISD工作了10年，专门从事与暴力极端主义相关的研究、咨询和心理风险评估。这包括评估一个人的风险、脆弱性和保护因素，以确定他们再次参与恐怖主义相关活动的可能性。

卡斯（化名），一名在内部安全部门工作的心理情报专家，照片拍摄于2026年9月10日。（图片：CNA/麦嘉琪）

新加坡情报局本周早些时候警告称，恐怖主义对新加坡的威胁仍然很高，中东持续不断的冲突加剧了全球安全环境的动荡，并提高了全球恐怖主义威胁。

报告指出，新加坡及其利益仍然是恐怖分子的理想目标。

如何才能在不引起恐慌或恐惧的情况下，帮助人们做好心理准备，以应对真正的袭击？

对此，内政部心理部门的谭女士表示，平衡是关键。

“恐惧可能是一件好事，因为如果没有恐惧，人们就不会觉得有必要去做任何事，所以需要一定程度的恐惧，”她说。

“但是……怎样才能做到不引起不必要的恐慌呢？这需要一种非常平衡的方法，我认为很大程度上是心理准备，让人们做好应对这种情况发生的准备。”

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