Tiered social media access preferred over outright ban, but is it enough to keep teens safe?

Come 2027, Singapore will introduce legislation on age assurance and safer design of social media for teenagers. But experts say keeping children safe online requires more than restrictions.

A group of youths using their phones. (Photo: iStock/Edwin Tan)

This audio is generated by an AI tool.

SINGAPORE: When her two elder children started using social media a few years ago, Ms Michelle Hon saw it as an opportunity for them to pick up skills such as video recording and editing.

Now aged 14 and 12, her children – along with her youngest, aged 10 – use platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat and TikTok to post content and chat with friends. Ms Hon, 47, has one main rule: They cannot add or chat with strangers online.

"Beyond that, I think I'm fairly flexible. And of course, sometimes I do spot checks, but unannounced," said the business owner.

Her approach reflects a wider preference among parents for letting children navigate social media with safeguards rather than shutting them out.

CNA Games Guess Word Crack the word, one row at a time Buzzword Create words using the given letters Mini Sudoku Tiny puzzle, mighty brain teaser Mini Crossword Small grid, big challenge Word Search Spot as many words as you can Show More Show Less About 80 per cent of parents and nearly 70 per cent of youths support tiered access over an outright ban , said the Ministry of Digital Development and Information (MDDI) following an engagement with more than 2,000 parents and youths. The ministry said the findings reinforce the government's proposed approach of age-appropriate access, alongside platform changes that give young people stronger protections . It intends to introduce legislation next year on age assurance and safer design of social media for teenagers. But even as Singapore moves towards more safeguards on social media for children, experts say restrictions alone will not keep children safe online and that parents have a crucial role to play. TIERED ACCESS OR OUTRIGHT BAN? With tiered or age-appropriate access to social media, younger users will face more restrictions through age assurance measures and platform design, to be gradually eased as they grow older. These include restrictions on inappropriate content, unwanted contact and features such as autoplay and daily time limits. Many youths describe their first experiences on social media as overwhelming, which is the risk of a cliff-edge approach to unrestricted access, said Ms Zoe Toh, the head of advocacy at YouthTech Institute, a youth-led charitable tech movement. A tiered approach "retains autonomy for youths", she said, which is crucial for allowing them to gradually build judgment that will later enable them to better navigate these spaces on their own. An example of age-appropriate implementation is a version of social media that might only allow younger youths to access content by their friends and exclude algorithm-based feeds, said Ms Toh. In YouthTech’s report, youths overwhelmingly cited the importance of keeping their ability to decide how their experience online should be and rejected an outright ban, she added. While more countries have enforced social media bans for children – Australia , Indonesia and Malaysia are recent examples – experts agree that a ban can do more harm than good. "A ban is like locking the kitchen – it stops (access to) the junk food, but it doesn't teach anyone how to eat right," said Ms June Fong, a psychologist at Promises Healthcare. She noted that bans tend to backfire , with strict restrictions leading to isolation, rebellion and children who don't know how to use the internet safely when they eventually get access. Ms Fong added that bans breed secrecy and assume that social media is only harmful, when it can be a lifeline to community for many young people, especially those who feel isolated. Tiered access, on the other hand, can match children's growth and development, letting them earn and exercise autonomy over time instead of abruptly. "The question isn't 'Should they have access?' – it's 'Have we taught them how to use it?'" said Ms Fong. "A ban is easier to legislate. But 'gradual with guardrails' is what actually protects them."

About 80 per cent of parents and nearly 70 per cent of youths support tiered access over an outright ban , said the Ministry of Digital Development and Information (MDDI) following an engagement with more than 2,000 parents and youths.

The ministry said the findings reinforce the government's proposed approach of age-appropriate access, alongside platform changes that give young people stronger protections .

It intends to introduce legislation next year on age assurance and safer design of social media for teenagers.

But even as Singapore moves towards more safeguards on social media for children, experts say restrictions alone will not keep children safe online and that parents have a crucial role to play.

TIERED ACCESS OR OUTRIGHT BAN?

With tiered or age-appropriate access to social media, younger users will face more restrictions through age assurance measures and platform design, to be gradually eased as they grow older.

These include restrictions on inappropriate content, unwanted contact and features such as autoplay and daily time limits.

Many youths describe their first experiences on social media as overwhelming, which is the risk of a cliff-edge approach to unrestricted access, said Ms Zoe Toh, the head of advocacy at YouthTech Institute, a youth-led charitable tech movement.

A tiered approach "retains autonomy for youths", she said, which is crucial for allowing them to gradually build judgment that will later enable them to better navigate these spaces on their own.

An example of age-appropriate implementation is a version of social media that might only allow younger youths to access content by their friends and exclude algorithm-based feeds, said Ms Toh.

In YouthTech’s report, youths overwhelmingly cited the importance of keeping their ability to decide how their experience online should be and rejected an outright ban, she added.

While more countries have enforced social media bans for children – Australia , Indonesia and Malaysia are recent examples – experts agree that a ban can do more harm than good.

"A ban is like locking the kitchen – it stops (access to) the junk food, but it doesn't teach anyone how to eat right," said Ms June Fong, a psychologist at Promises Healthcare.

She noted that bans tend to backfire , with strict restrictions leading to isolation, rebellion and children who don't know how to use the internet safely when they eventually get access.

Ms Fong added that bans breed secrecy and assume that social media is only harmful, when it can be a lifeline to community for many young people, especially those who feel isolated.

Tiered access, on the other hand, can match children's growth and development, letting them earn and exercise autonomy over time instead of abruptly.

"The question isn't 'Should they have access?' – it's 'Have we taught them how to use it?'" said Ms Fong.

"A ban is easier to legislate. But 'gradual with guardrails' is what actually protects them."

AGE ASSURANCE MEASURES

Still, a tiered approach can come with challenges in implementation. The key is in ensuring that age assurance measures are in place and work effectively, experts said.

Age assurance typically includes age verification, which relies on a verified source of identity documentation, and age estimation, which uses artificial intelligence and facial age analysis to determine a user’s likely age.

MDDI has previously said that age verification is seen as more reliable and easier to enforce.

Even so, Ms Toh said these measures can be circumvented. About 72 per cent of youths engaged by YouthTech said they would or had already bypassed age checks, and that faking one's age to access social media is "very normalised".

Currently, users must declare that they are at least 13 years old when creating accounts on most major social media platforms in Singapore.

Additionally, there is the challenge of how age-assurance measures should be implemented to ensure that users are accurately verified, said Ms Toh.

In Australia, for example, youths have used makeup to circumvent the facial scans used to estimate a user's age, she said.

Secondary 3 student Evan Kuek, who spends most of his free time on YouTube and about an hour a day on Instagram, said that some youths who are "very attached" to their social media use would probably not respect restrictions.

"They might jail-break their phones or something like that," he added, referring to the process of removing software restrictions and security controls imposed by mobile phone manufacturers.

Youths have also told YouthTech that they prefer government-backed identification methods for age verification.

"This suggests an opportunity to leverage existing trusted infrastructure while addressing youths' concerns over data privacy, provided appropriate safeguards are in place," said Ms Toh.

Experts said the safeguards must also account for differences in children's stages of development.

In MDDI's engagement with parents and youths, both groups felt children aged zero to six should have no access, while those aged seven to 15 should have age-appropriate access.

Youths generally supported greater access to social media from age 16, seeing young people as more mature and better able to manage their use independently, while parents continued to support age-appropriate access at that age.

Ms Wendy Tan, deputy director of TOUCH Cyber Wellness, said there would ideally be finer distinctions within the 13 to 17 age band, given the developmental differences between a 13-year-old and a 17-year-old.

"However, we recognise that national regulation must also consider the reliability of age assurance, implementation complexity, consistency and enforceability," she said.

"A simpler framework is therefore a reasonable starting point."

Age assurance, she added, must ultimately lead to "meaningful" safeguards.

Once a platform identifies a minor, stronger privacy settings, restrictions on unwanted contact and safer content recommendations should apply by default, she said.

The aim is to protect children while progressively helping them develop judgment and self-regulation for greater independence online.

"It is therefore crucial to prepare and empower parents to learn about these available safeguards, enabling them to practise and reinforce good habits at home, alongside their children," she said.

SAFETY STARTS AT HOME

In supporting tiered access to social media, parents and youths told CNA that it's equally important to ensure that children are first taught how to safely use social media.

Ms Hon, the mother-of-three, believes it is good for children to have some exposure to social media, instead of experiencing it as a "brand new world" when they come of age.

"We can't bubble wrap them, so whatever restrictions that either the government or the platforms put in place, as a parent, I'll just try to teach them how to make good decisions," she said.

Other parents are more cautious about giving children access, but also recognise the difficulties of keeping them off social media entirely.

Ms Chen Xiu Ying, 46, was hesitant to give her 12- and 14-year-old children smartphones – but felt compelled to do so because there was a reliance on WhatsApp at school, she said.

Her main concerns about social media are exposure to inappropriate content and scams. But with built-in parental controls on the iPhone, Ms Chen can schedule downtime and set screen time rules for her children.

While Ms Chen used to be in support of a social media ban for children, Australia's attempt at implementing the ban has made her think twice.

"When you’ve already opened Pandora's box, it's a little bit hard to stuff it all back in," she said.

"If you tell (children) cannot means cannot, that becomes tempting. But the moment you let them taste it, there's an appetite to want more. So we need to educate them based on values, and that starts from a very young age."

A tiered approach is a "good first step" to Ms Chen, but she does not expect the government to be the "vanguard" of social media use.

"They can set the measures in place, but whether parents take it seriously is another thing," she said.

Evan, the Sec 3 student, is one youth in favour of tiered access to social media, acknowledging that young children are "very impressionable since their brains are still growing".

Nevertheless, everybody "should be mindful about the content they consume", he said.

"Even if they think the media they're consuming is okay ... they should take stock every now and then."

Polytechnic student Aditya Mishra, 18, acknowledged downsides of social media such as distraction, doomscrolling and an unhealthy dependence on instant gratification.

Mr Mishra, who started using Instagram when he was 12, also favours giving children opportunities to connect online safely. In his view, age-appropriate measures could be lifted when children are above 16.

"Most students are mature enough by then in order to make decisions for themselves wisely, and also prioritise their academics and personal goals."

A youth who gave his name as Ben said he feels a child's maturity matters more than their age.

The 18-year-old started using YouTube when he was around five, where he spent up to three hours a day, he said. Today, he mainly uses social media to connect with friends, but recognises the perils of addictive algorithms and negative content.

"The best way to have children be responsible on social media is not laws or bans, but between the parent and the child," he said.

Dr Annabelle Chow, a clinical psychologist at Annabelle Psychology, said the most effective safeguards are holistic.

"We cannot place the responsibility entirely on children, parents, schools or platforms. As the saying goes, it takes a kampung (village) to raise a child," she said.

Dr Chow said parents should consider the healthy use of social media as a skill in and of itself, much like learning how to cross the road or interact and play with friends.

Children learn it through practice and guidance, rather than simply upon reaching a certain age, she added.

It helps to first understand what social media provides for the child, said Dr Chow, whether it provides entertainment, a way to keep up with friends or simply to unwind.

Sports, hobbies and time with friends offer other ways to meet those needs. This does not mean filling every spare hour on a child's calendar, she said, adding that some unstructured time also gives them room to discover their own interests and be creative.

"Ultimately, it is less about taking the phone away and more about giving children enough in their everyday lives that the phone does not need to fill every gap," she said.

Get our pick of top stories and thought-provoking articles in your inbox

Stay updated with notifications for breaking news and our best stories

Join our channel for the top reads for the day on your preferred chat app

到2027年，新加坡将出台关于青少年年龄保障和更安全社交媒体设计的立法。但专家表示，保护儿童上网安全需要的不仅仅是限制措施。

一群年轻人正在使用手机。（图片：iStock/Edwin Tan）

这段音频由人工智能工具生成。

新加坡：几年前，当米歇尔·洪女士的两个大孩子开始使用社交媒体时，她认为这是一个让他们学习视频录制和剪辑等技能的机会。

她的孩子现在分别是14岁和12岁，包括她最小的10岁孩子，都使用Instagram、Snapchat和TikTok等平台发布内容并与朋友聊天。47岁的洪女士有一条主要规定：他们不能添加陌生人为好友或与陌生人聊天。

“除此之外，我觉得我还是比较灵活的。当然，有时候我也会进行突击检查，但不会事先通知，”这位企业主说道。

她的做法反映了家长们普遍倾向于让孩子在安全措施的保障下使用社交媒体，而不是完全禁止他们使用。

CNA游戏猜词游戏：逐行破解单词；流行词游戏：用给定的字母组成单词；迷你数独：小巧的谜题，强大的脑力挑战；迷你填字游戏：小网格，大挑战；单词搜索：尽可能多地找出单词。显示更多 显示更少 新加坡数字发展与新闻部 (MDDI) 在与 2000 多名家长和青少年交流后表示，约 80% 的家长和近 70% 的青少年支持分级访问而非彻底禁止。该部表示，调查结果强化了政府提出的按年龄划分访问权限的方案，同时平台也进行了改进，为年轻人提供更强有力的保护。该部计划明年推出关于年龄保证和更安全的青少年社交媒体设计的立法。但即使新加坡正在努力加强对儿童社交媒体的保护，专家表示，仅靠限制并不能确保儿童的在线安全，家长也扮演着至关重要的角色。分级访问还是彻底禁止？通过分级或按年龄划分的社交媒体访问权限，年轻用户将面临更多限制，这些限制来自年龄保证措施和平台设计，并随着年龄增长逐步放宽。这些限制包括对不当内容、不必要的联系以及自动播放和每日使用时间限制等功能的限制。青年科技研究所（YouthTech Institute）倡导负责人佐伊·托女士（Zoe Toh）表示，许多年轻人表示他们第一次接触社交媒体时感到不知所措，这正是完全放任无限制访问的风险所在。青年科技研究所是一个由年轻人主导的慈善科技组织。她指出，分级方法“保留了年轻人的自主权”，这对于帮助他们逐步建立判断力至关重要，而这种判断力将使他们日后能够更好地独立驾驭这些空间。托女士举例说，按年龄划分的社交媒体版本可能只允许年轻用户访问好友发布的内容，并排除算法推送的内容，这就是一种年龄适宜的实施方案。她补充说，在青年科技研究所的报告中，绝大多数年轻人都强调了保留自主决定在线体验方式的重要性，并反对彻底禁止使用社交媒体。虽然越来越多的国家开始对儿童实施社交媒体禁令——澳大利亚、印度尼西亚和马来西亚就是近期的例子——但专家们一致认为，禁令弊大于利。“禁令就像锁上厨房——它阻止了人们接触垃圾食品，但却无法教会任何人如何健康饮食，”Promises Healthcare的心理学家June Fong女士说道。她指出，禁令往往会适得其反，严格的限制会导致孤立、叛逆，以及孩子们最终获得网络访问权限时却不知道如何安全使用。Fong女士补充说，禁令会滋生秘密，并假定社交媒体只有危害，而实际上，对于许多年轻人，尤其是那些感到孤立的年轻人来说，社交媒体可能是他们与社区联系的生命线。另一方面，分级访问权限可以与儿童的成长和发展相匹配，让他们随着时间的推移逐步获得和行使自主权，而不是突然被剥夺。“问题不在于‘他们是否应该获得访问权限？’，而在于‘我们是否教会了他们如何使用它？’”Fong女士说道。 “禁令更容易立法实施。但‘循序渐进并设置保障措施’才是真正保护他们的办法。”

数字发展和信息部 (MDDI) 在与 2000 多名家长和青少年进行交流后表示，约 80% 的家长和近 70% 的青少年支持分级访问而不是彻底禁止。

该部表示，调查结果强化了政府提出的按年龄提供适当访问权限的方法，以及为年轻人提供更强保护的平台变革。

它计划明年推出有关年龄保障和更安全地设计面向青少年的社交媒体的立法。

但即便新加坡正努力加强对儿童社交媒体的安全保护，专家表示，单靠限制措施并不能保证儿童上网安全，家长也扮演着至关重要的角色。

分级访问权限还是直接封禁？

通过分级或按年龄划分的社交媒体访问权限，年轻用户将面临更多年龄保证措施和平台设计方面的限制，随着年龄的增长，这些限制将逐渐放宽。

这些限制包括对不当内容、不必要的联系以及自动播放和每日时间限制等功能的限制。

青年科技研究所（YouthTech Institute）倡导负责人佐伊·托女士（Zoe Toh）表示，许多年轻人将他们第一次使用社交媒体的经历描述为不知所措，这就是不受限制地访问社交媒体所带来的风险。青年科技研究所是一个由年轻人领导的慈善科技运动组织。

她表示，分层方法“保留了青少年的自主权”，这对于让他们逐步建立判断力至关重要，这将使他们以后能够更好地独立应对这些空间。

Toh女士表示，适合年龄的社交媒体版本可以只允许年龄较小的青少年访问他们朋友的内容，并排除基于算法的信息流，这就是一个例子。

她补充说，YouthTech 的报告显示，绝大多数青少年都强调了保留自主决定在线体验能力的重要性，并拒绝了彻底禁止上网的做法。

虽然越来越多的国家对儿童实施了社交媒体禁令——澳大利亚、印度尼西亚和马来西亚就是最近的例子——但专家们一致认为，禁令弊大于利。

“禁令就像锁上厨房——它阻止了人们获得垃圾食品，但它并没有教会任何人如何正确饮食，” Promises Healthcare 的心理学家 June Fong 女士说。

她指出，禁令往往会适得其反，严格的限制会导致孤立、反叛，以及孩子们最终获得互联网访问权限时不知道如何安全地使用互联网。

方女士补充说，禁令会滋生秘密，并假定社交媒体只有害处，而实际上，社交媒体对于许多年轻人来说，尤其是那些感到孤立的年轻人来说，可能是与社区联系的生命线。

另一方面，分级准入可以与孩子的成长和发展相匹配，让他们随着时间的推移而不是突然地获得和行使自主权。

方女士说：“问题不在于‘他们是否应该获得访问权限？’，而在于‘我们是否教会了他们如何使用它？’”

“禁令更容易立法实施。但‘循序渐进并设置保障措施’才是真正保护他们的办法。”

年龄保障措施

不过，专家指出，分层式方法在实施过程中仍会面临挑战。关键在于确保各项年龄保障措施到位并有效运作。

年龄保证通常包括年龄验证（依赖于经过验证的身份证明文件）和年龄估计（使用人工智能和面部年龄分析来确定用户的可能年龄）。

MDDI 此前曾表示，年龄验证被认为更可靠、更容易执行。

即便如此，杜女士表示，这些措施是可以规避的。YouthTech 接触的青年中，约有 72% 表示他们会或已经绕过年龄验证，而且伪造年龄以访问社交媒体“非常普遍”。

目前，新加坡大多数主流社交媒体平台的用户在创建账户时必须声明自己已年满 13 周岁。

Toh女士表示，此外，如何实施年龄保证措施以确保用户得到准确验证也是一个挑战。

她表示，例如在澳大利亚，一些年轻人利用化妆来规避用于估算用户年龄的面部扫描。

中三学生郭文伟（Evan Kuek）大部分空闲时间都花在 YouTube 上，每天大约花一个小时在 Instagram 上。他表示，一些“非常依赖”社交媒体的年轻人可能不会遵守限制。

“他们可能会对手机进行越狱之类的操作，”他补充道，指的是移除手机制造商施加的软件限制和安全控制的过程。

青年们也告诉YouthTech，他们更喜欢政府支持的身份识别方法进行年龄验证。

“这表明，只要采取适当的保障措施，就有机会利用现有的可信基础设施来解决年轻人对数据隐私的担忧，”杜女士说。

专家表示，这些保障措施还必须考虑到儿童发育阶段的差异。

在 MDDI 与家长和青少年的交流中，双方都认为 0 至 6 岁的儿童不应该获得任何访问权限，而 7 至 15 岁的儿童应该获得与其年龄相符的访问权限。

青少年普遍支持从 16 岁开始更多地接触社交媒体，认为年轻人更加成熟，更有能力独立管理自己的使用，而家长们则继续支持在这个年龄段进行适合年龄的接触。

TOUCH Cyber​​ Wellness 副主任 Wendy Tan 女士表示，考虑到 13 岁和 17 岁青少年在发育方面的差异，理想情况下，13 至 17 岁年龄段应该有更细致的区分。

“但是，我们也认识到，国家监管还必须考虑年龄保证的可靠性、实施的复杂性、一致性和可执行性，”她说。

因此，采用更简单的框架是一个合理的起点。

她补充说，年龄保障最终必须带来“有意义的”保障措施。

她表示，一旦平台识别出用户存在轻微隐私问题，就应该默认应用更严格的隐私设置，限制不必要的联系并提供更安全的内容推荐。

其目的是在保护儿童的同时，逐步帮助他们培养判断力和自我调节能力，从而在网络上获得更大的独立性。

“因此，至关重要的是要让家长了解这些可用的保障措施，使他们能够与孩子一起在家中实践和强化良好的习惯，”她说。

安全始于家

家长和青少年告诉CNA，在支持分层访问社交媒体方面，同样重要的是要确保首先教会孩子们如何安全地使用社交媒体。

身为三个孩子母亲的韩女士认为，让孩子们接触一些社交媒体是件好事，而不是等到他们长大成人后才去体验它，把它当作一个“全新的世界”。

“我们不可能把他们保护得像泡泡一样，所以无论政府或平台实施什么限制，作为家长，我都会努力教他们如何做出正确的决定，”她说。

其他家长则对让孩子接触社交媒体持更加谨慎的态度，但也意识到完全阻止孩子使用社交媒体的难度。

46岁的陈秀英女士表示，她一开始并不愿意给12岁和14岁的孩子配备智能手机，但由于学校里大家都在依赖WhatsApp，她最终还是不得不这么做。

她最担心的是孩子会接触到不适宜的内容和诈骗。但有了iPhone内置的家长控制功能，陈女士可以安排孩子的休息时间，并设置屏幕使用规则。

陈女士过去曾支持禁止儿童使用社交媒体，但澳大利亚尝试实施这项禁令让她重新考虑。

“潘多拉的盒子一旦打开，就很难再把它全部塞回去了，”她说。

“如果你告诉（孩子）‘不行’就是‘不行’，这反而会让他们产生诱惑。但一旦你让他们尝到了甜头，他们就会想要更多。所以我们需要从小就对他们进行价值观方面的教育。”

陈女士认为，分阶段实施是“良好的第一步”，但她并不指望政府成为社交媒体使用的“先锋”。

“他们可以制定措施，但家长是否认真对待又是另一回事了，”她说。

初三学生埃文是支持社交媒体分级访问的年轻人之一，他承认幼儿“很容易受到影响，因为他们的大脑仍在发育”。

不过，他表示，每个人“都应该注意自己消费的内容”。

“即使他们认为自己接触的媒体内容没问题……他们也应该时不时地反思一下。”

18 岁的理工学院学生 Aditya Mishra 承认社交媒体存在一些弊端，例如注意力分散、沉迷于负面新闻以及对即时满足的不健康依赖。

米什拉先生12岁就开始使用Instagram，他也赞成为孩子们提供安全上网的机会。他认为，当孩子们年满16岁时，就可以取消一些年龄限制措施。

“大多数学生到那时都足够成熟，能够为自己做出明智的决定，并能优先考虑自己的学业和个人目标。”

一位名叫本的青年表示，他认为孩子的成熟度比年龄更重要。

这位18岁的年轻人说，他大约五岁就开始使用YouTube，每天最多会花三个小时在上面。如今，他主要用社交媒体与朋友联系，但也意识到令人上瘾的算法和负面内容的危害。

他说：“让孩子在社交媒体上负责任地使用社交媒体的最好方法不是立法或禁令，而是父母和孩子之间的沟通。”

安娜贝尔心理诊所的临床心理学家周安娜贝尔博士表示，最有效的保障措施是整体性的。

“我们不能把责任完全推给孩子、家长、学校或平台。俗话说，养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量，”她说。

周医生表示，家长应该把健康地使用社交媒体视为一项技能，就像学习如何过马路或与朋友互动玩耍一样。

她补充说，孩子们是通过练习和指导来学习的，而不是仅仅在达到某个年龄后才学会的。

周博士说，首先要了解社交媒体能给孩子带来什么，无论是娱乐、与朋友保持联系的方式，还是仅仅为了放松身心。

运动、爱好和与朋友相处的时间也能满足这些需求。她表示，这并不意味着要把孩子日程表上的每一分每一秒都安排得满满当当，并补充说，一些自由支配的时间也能让他们有机会发现自己的兴趣爱好，发挥创造力。

“归根结底，这与其说是要没收手机，不如说是要让孩子们在日常生活中获得足够的满足感，这样手机就不需要填补生活中的所有空白了。”她说。

订阅我们的邮件，即可获取精选热点新闻和引人深思的文章。

订阅通知，第一时间获取突发新闻和精彩报道。

加入我们的频道，即可在您常用的聊天应用上获取当日热门文章。