Taking back the algorithm: Social media platforms are restoring users’ control of their feeds夺回算法控制权:社交媒体平台正在恢复用户对其信息流的控制权
As a new mom-to-be, my social media feeds have clocked me — funneling endless videos my way about pregnancy, nursery prep and birth stories, to the point of baby information overload. I needed a break.

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As a new mom-to-be, my social media feeds have clocked me — funneling endless videos my way about pregnancy, nursery prep and birth stories, to the point of baby information overload. I needed a break.
I recently told my Instagram algorithm I’m no longer interested in seeing content about “pregnancy” or “birth,” although at least for now I’ve kept its suggestion to show me “newborn parenting hacks.”
Instagram this year expanded its feature that lets users provide this kind of specific feedback to tailor their feed. And across the social media ecosystem, platforms are increasingly offering similar options to give users greater control over what they see as they scroll.
It’s something users have been asking for after social platforms spent years leaning into relying on their own algorithmic recommendations to populate feeds.
In addition to Meta’s Instagram and Facebook, YouTube, TikTok and smaller social media upstarts like Divine have all recently rolled out features to let users tailor their main “For You” pages, or create custom feeds around specific topics.
“What we’ve really tried to focus on is: how can we recreate the sense of agency that you had when you were controlling the accounts that you followed, but in a world that still gives you the benefits of recommendations,” such as more easily discovering new content, Instagram’s Vice President of Product Tessa Lyons told CNN.
Advances in AI’s understanding of language make it possible for the platforms to process specific feedback from users about their interests and dislikes, rather than simply making guesses based on what users view and engage with.
“We’re able to do something we’re never able to do before, which is actually enable people to use human language… to say, like, I want to see more of this topic or less of this topic,” Lyons said, adding that previously, “we were not able to accurately enough understand that if you said ‘tennis,’ what the most relevant tennis content was.”
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It’s a stark reversal from the approach major platforms had taken in recent years: replacing chronological feeds based on who users followed with algorithmic recommendations. The thinking was that — thanks to the huge volume of data social media companies collect about users through their activity on and off their sites — these platforms could predict better than users themselves what they’d want to see and what would keep them scrolling.
The shift may have been good for business, but users often lamented that lack of control, complaining that the recommendation algorithms could send them down rabbit holes of irrelevant or even toxic content. Platforms have faced particular scrutiny related to their sometimes harmful c ontent recommendations for young people.
That user frustration has only ramped up over the past year as AI has played a growing role in mediating what people see across the internet, colliding with a wider populist backlash to AI, said Tim Weninger, a computer science and engineering professor at the University of Notre Dame who studies AI and social media.
“People have gotten fed up with AI feeding them stuff,” Weninger said. “They miss the old days … They just want to be able to follow what they follow and see the latest updates.”
In 2022, Instagram brought back the chronological feed as an option with “following” and “favorites” feeds that would show users only content from accounts they opted to see, although the app defaulted to the main recommended feed each time a user opened it.
Then last June, TikTok introduced a “manage topics” feature that lets users tweak their main feed by adjusting how much content they want to see from certain categories — such as fashion and beauty, or health and fitness — on a sliding scale. The tool doesn’t remove certain topics from the feed altogether, but it does give TikTok’s algorithm a more direct signal on what users want to see.
TikTok also added “smart keyword filtering,” which removes from the feed any videos containing a keyword that a user has flagged, plus those containing similar, related keywords.
Months later, Instagram took the trend a step further by rolling out “your algorithm,” which lets users see which topics the app believes they’re interested in and add topics they want to see, as well as those they want to avoid. The feature, which was originally rolled out just for the Reels tab, now applies to the full Instagram app and recently expanded to Facebook.
The feature makes it easier for the app to adjust when users’ interests change quickly — for example, someone may no longer want to see wedding planning content after they’re married, or videos of their ex-boyfriend’s favorite band after a breakup, Lyons said. Her “your algorithm” selections currently include topics like “family rituals” and “Celine Dion.”
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In the coming months, Instagram plans to prompt users to engage more with the feature, which is currently accessible via a button on the upper righthand side of the Reels tab.
YouTube last month announced its own “custom feeds” offering at its annual “Made on YouTube” product launch event, which lets users create dedicated tabs alongside the main feed tailored to specific needs or interests, such as workout videos or “late night ASMR.”
But these features may not necessarily enable social media users to prevent AI-generated content from popping up in their feeds. YouTube CEO Neal Mohan told reporters at the September event that separating AI-generated from human-made content is an “artificial distinction,” and that many videos combine both.
YouTube’s custom feeds feature, he said, is instead really about letting viewers “program their feeds” around certain topics and “dial up and dial down what you’d like to see, and you can change it throughout the course of the day.”
It remains to be seen exactly how these changes will impact users, Weninger said. While users may tell a platform that they want to see content on topics they enjoy, people are often more likely to view, comment on or share content that upsets or angers them, which could confuse the algorithms.
“If you say that you like soccer, and then you never actually watch a soccer video, then what’s the AI supposed to do?” he said. “People engage with things that make them upset and sad, that’s kind of part of our nature. Hopefully this will change that attitude a little bit.”
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作为一名准妈妈,我的社交媒体简直让我应接不暇——铺天盖地的视频都是关于怀孕、婴儿房准备和生产的故事,简直让我信息过载。我需要休息一下。
我最近告诉 Instagram 算法,我不再对“怀孕”或“分娩”相关的内容感兴趣,尽管至少目前它仍然向我推荐“新生儿育儿技巧”。
今年,Instagram 扩展了其功能,允许用户提供此类具体反馈以定制他们的信息流。在整个社交媒体生态系统中,各平台也越来越多地提供类似选项,让用户更好地控制他们浏览时看到的内容。
这是用户一直以来所要求的,因为社交平台多年来一直依赖自身的算法推荐来填充信息流。
除了 Meta 旗下的 Instagram 和 Facebook 之外,YouTube、TikTok 以及像 Divine 这样的小型社交媒体初创公司最近也都推出了相关功能,允许用户定制其主要的“为你推荐”页面,或围绕特定主题创建自定义信息流。
“我们真正努力关注的是:如何在一个仍然能让你享受到推荐带来的种种好处(例如更容易发现新内容)的世界中,重现你掌控自己关注的账号时的那种掌控感。”Instagram 产品副总裁 Tessa Lyons 告诉 CNN。
人工智能在语言理解方面的进步,使得平台能够处理用户关于其兴趣和厌恶的具体反馈,而不是仅仅根据用户浏览和互动的内容进行猜测。
莱昂斯说:“我们现在能够做到以前从未做到过的事情,那就是让人们能够使用人类语言……来表达,比如,我想看到更多关于这个主题的内容,或者更少关于这个主题的内容。”他还补充说,以前“我们无法准确地理解,如果你说‘网球’,那么最相关的网球内容是什么。”
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这与近年来各大平台采取的做法截然相反:他们不再使用基于用户关注者的时间顺序信息流,而是采用算法推荐。他们的想法是,由于社交媒体公司能够收集到海量用户数据(包括用户在平台内外的活动数据),这些平台可以比用户自己更准确地预测用户想看什么,以及什么内容会让他们持续浏览。
这种转变或许对企业有利,但用户常常抱怨缺乏控制权,认为推荐算法可能会让他们陷入无关甚至有害内容的漩涡。平台因其有时对年轻人有害的内容推荐而面临尤其严格的审查。
圣母大学计算机科学与工程教授蒂姆·韦宁格(Tim Weninger)研究人工智能和社交媒体,他表示,过去一年来,随着人工智能在调节人们在互联网上看到的内容方面发挥越来越重要的作用,用户的这种挫败感与更广泛的民粹主义对人工智能的反弹发生了冲突。
“人们已经厌倦了人工智能推送信息,”韦宁格说。“他们怀念过去的日子……他们只想能够关注自己关注的内容,并看到最新的更新。”
2022 年,Instagram 重新推出了按时间顺序排列的信息流选项,并新增了“关注”和“收藏”信息流,用户只需查看自己选择关注的帐户的内容即可。不过,每次用户打开应用时,默认显示的仍然是主推荐信息流。
去年六月,TikTok推出了“管理话题”功能,用户可以调整主页信息流,通过滑动条来控制特定类别(例如时尚美妆、健康健身等)的内容显示频率。该工具并不会完全移除信息流中的某些话题,但它确实能让TikTok的算法更直接地了解用户想看什么。
TikTok 还新增了“智能关键词过滤”功能,该功能会从信息流中删除包含用户标记的关键词的视频,以及包含类似、相关关键词的视频。
几个月后,Instagram 将这一趋势推向了新的高度,推出了“你的算法”功能。该功能允许用户查看应用认为他们感兴趣的话题,并添加他们想看的话题以及想要避开的话题。这项功能最初仅在 Reels 标签页推出,现在已覆盖整个 Instagram 应用,并且最近扩展到了 Facebook。
莱昂斯表示,这项功能让应用更容易根据用户兴趣的快速变化进行调整——例如,有人结婚后可能不再想看婚礼策划内容,或者分手后不想再看前男友最喜欢的乐队的视频。她目前的“用户算法”推荐内容包括“家庭仪式”和“席琳·迪翁”等主题。
Elisa Schu/dpa/picture alliance/Getty Images
在接下来的几个月里,Instagram 计划引导用户更多地使用该功能,目前该功能可通过 Reels 选项卡右上角的按钮访问。
YouTube 上个月在其年度“Made on YouTube”产品发布会上宣布推出自己的“自定义信息流”服务,该服务允许用户在主信息流旁边创建专门的标签页,以满足特定需求或兴趣,例如健身视频或“深夜 ASMR”。
但这些功能未必能让社交媒体用户阻止人工智能生成的内容出现在他们的信息流中。YouTube首席执行官尼尔·莫汉在9月份的活动上告诉记者,将人工智能生成的内容与人类制作的内容区分开来是一种“人为的区分”,许多视频都融合了两者。
他表示,YouTube 的自定义订阅源功能实际上是让观众围绕某些主题“设置自己的订阅源”,并“随时调整自己想看的内容,而且一天中随时都可以更改”。
韦宁格表示,这些变化究竟会对用户产生何种影响,还有待观察。虽然用户可以告诉平台他们想看到自己感兴趣的话题内容,但人们往往更倾向于浏览、评论或分享那些令他们感到不安或愤怒的内容,这可能会让算法感到困惑。
“如果你说你喜欢足球,但实际上你从来不看足球视频,那人工智能还能做什么呢?”他说道。“人们往往会关注那些让他们感到沮丧和悲伤的事物,这可以说是我们人性的一部分。希望这项技术能稍微改变一下这种态度。”