What are all the sanctions Iran is under?

Iran has faced a torrent of international sanctions since the 1979 revolution – here’s what’s in place right now.

People drive past a billboard depicting Iran's late Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, on a street in Tehran, Iran [West Asia News Agency via Reuters]

Iran is one of the most heavily sanctioned countries in the world, facing overlapping restrictions imposed by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom and the United Nations.

The country has faced an onslaught of sanctions regimes since 1979, some of which have been reimposed at various times since then.

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The measures target everything from its oil exports and banking system to its nuclear and missile programmes, military activities and senior officials.

But what sanctions is Iran under today?

UN sanctions were officially reimposed against Iran in September 2025 when France, Germany and the United Kingdom triggered the “snapback” mechanism under UN Security Council Resolution 2231. This reinstated six previous UNSC resolutions which had imposed sanctions targeting Iran’s nuclear and military programmes.

These cover the following:

Arms embargo: The UN banned the transfer of conventional arms to and from Iran.

Nuclear and uranium enrichment : A ban on the sale or supply of materials, equipment, goods and technology which could contribute to these programmes.

Ballistic missiles: Restrictions on activities linked to ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons.

Finance and trade: Asset freezes and controls on trade linked to Iran’s nuclear and missile programmes.

Targeted sanctions: Sanctions against dozens of individuals and entities involved in banned programmes.

This month, the US unleashed a new set of sanctions against Iran as part of its bid to squeeze the country economically amid the ongoing war. These sanctions are enforced by the US Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).

Economic and trade sanctions: A broad trade embargo banning most trade and investment.

Secondary sanctions: Foreign entities which engage in trade, or in the financing of trade, with Iran in a wide range of sectors – not just energy and finance – such as digital assets, technology, gold, aviation and shipping – face US sanctions as well. The aim is to isolate Iran from the international financial system.

Sectoral sanctions: These target specific sectors of Iran’s economy, particularly energy and shipping. Sanctions restrict the export of goods and services to these sectors by targeting entities doing business with them.

Human rights and terrorism-related sanctions: Individuals and entities linked to human rights abuses are targeted, including designating members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and other groups as “Specially Designated Global Terrorists”.

Frozen assets: US sanctions have resulted in the freezing of billions of dollars in Iranian assets held in US banks and financial institutions.

EU sanctions against Iran, which are regularly reviewed and adjusted, include:

Nuclear-related sanctions: Restrictions on the supply of goods and technology related to Iran’s nuclear programme.

Economic and trade restrictions: A trade embargo on Iranian oil and petroleum products, and restrictions on dual-use goods – those which have military applications as well as civil ones – being exported to Iran.

Financial sanctions: A ban on transactions with banks seen to be involved in nuclear proliferation or “terrorism”.

Sectoral sanctions: Covering Iranian economic sectors such as shipping, aviation, petrochemicals and metals such as aluminium and steel.

Arms embargo: Ban on the sale or transfer of arms and components to Iran.

The UK’s sanctions regime against Iran largely mirrors those of the UN and EU.

Nuclear-related sanctions: Restrictions on the export of goods and technology linked to nuclear proliferation.

Economic and trade sanctions: A trade embargo on Iranian oil and gas products, as well as restrictions on the export of goods and services to Iran, particularly those related to its nuclear and ballistic missiles programmes.

Financial sanctions: Asset freezes on Iranian banks and financial institutions, as well as a ban on providing financial services to specific Iranian entities linked to nuclear programmes or “terrorism”.

Sectoral sanctions: Sanctions targeting shipping and maritime sectors, as well as restrictions on trading “sensitive” goods – such as dual-use goods.

Human rights: Sanctions targeting individuals and entities linked to human rights abuses such as violent repression and censorship, including asset freezes and travel bans.

Arms embargo: A ban on the sale or transfer of arms or military equipment to Iran.

Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and Switzerland have implemented their own versions of many of the above sanctions, primarily focused on Iran’s nuclear programme and human rights.

自 1979 年革命以来，伊朗一直面临着铺天盖地的国际制裁——以下是目前实施的制裁措施。

在伊朗德黑兰的一条街道上，人们驾车经过一块描绘伊朗已故最高领袖阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊的广告牌。[西亚通讯社 via 路透社]

伊朗是世界上受制裁最严重的国家之一，面临着美国、欧盟、英国和联合国多重制裁。

自 1979 年以来，该国一直面临着各种制裁制度的冲击，其中一些制裁制度此后在不同时期又被重新实施。

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也门军队打击胡塞武装的行动已展开，美国排除直接参与的可能性。此为也门军队打击胡塞武装行动的3个名单之3。

这些措施针对该国的方方面面，从石油出口和银行系统到核武器和导弹计划、军事活动和高级官员。

但伊朗目前受到哪些制裁？

2025年9月，法国、德国和英国根据联合国安理会第2231号决议启动了“快速恢复制裁”机制，联合国对伊朗的制裁正式恢复。这恢复了此前六项针对伊朗核计划和军事计划的联合国安理会决议。

这些内容涵盖以下方面：

武器禁运：联合国禁止向伊朗输送常规武器以及从伊朗输送常规武器。

核能和铀浓缩：禁止出售或供应可能有助于这些计划的材料、设备、货物和技术。

弹道导弹：限制与能够运载核武器的弹道导弹相关的活动。

金融和贸易：冻结与伊朗核计划和导弹计划相关的资产和贸易管制。

定向制裁：对参与被禁项目的数十名个人和实体实施制裁。

本月，美国对伊朗实施了一系列新的制裁措施，旨在持续的战争中从经济上挤压伊朗。这些制裁措施由美国财政部外国资产控制办公室（OFAC）负责执行。

经济和贸易制裁：一项广泛的贸易禁运，禁止大部分贸易和投资。

二级制裁：与伊朗进行贸易或为贸易提供融资的外国实体，其业务范围不仅限于能源和金融，还包括数字资产、技术、黄金、航空和航运等诸多领域，均面临美国制裁。其目的是将伊朗孤立于国际金融体系之外。

行业制裁：这类制裁针对伊朗经济的特定行业，特别是能源和航运业。制裁通过打击与这些行业有业务往来的实体，限制向这些行业出口商品和服务。

人权和恐怖主义相关制裁：与侵犯人权行为有关联的个人和实体成为制裁目标，包括将伊斯兰革命卫队 (IRGC) 成员和其他团体指定为“特别指定的全球恐怖分子”。

资产冻结：美国制裁导致伊朗在美国银行和金融机构持有的数十亿美元资产被冻结。

欧盟对伊朗的制裁措施会定期审查和调整，其中包括：

与核有关的制裁：限制向伊朗提供与伊朗核计划相关的货物和技术。

经济和贸易限制：对伊朗石油和石油产品实施贸易禁运，并限制向伊朗出口军民两用商品。

金融制裁：禁止与被认为参与核扩散或“恐怖主义”的银行进行交易。

行业制裁：涵盖伊朗经济部门，例如航运、航空、石化以及铝、钢等金属行业。

武器禁运：禁止向伊朗出售或转让武器及零部件。

英国对伊朗的制裁制度与联合国和欧盟的制裁制度基本一致。

与核有关的制裁：限制与核扩散有关的商品和技术的出口。

经济和贸易制裁：对伊朗石油和天然气产品实施贸易禁运，并限制向伊朗出口商品和服务，特别是与伊朗核武器和弹道导弹计划相关的商品和服务。

金融制裁：冻结伊朗银行和金融机构的资产，并禁止向与核计划或“恐怖主义”有关的特定伊朗实体提供金融服务。

行业制裁：针对航运和海事部门的制裁，以及对“敏感”商品（如两用商品）贸易的限制。

人权：对与侵犯人权行为（如暴力镇压和审查）有关的个人和实体实施制裁，包括冻结资产和旅行禁令。

武器禁运：禁止向伊朗出售或转让武器或军事装备。

澳大利亚、加拿大、日本、新西兰、挪威和瑞士都实施了各自版本的上述许多制裁措施，主要针对伊朗的核计划和人权问题。