Ukraine has struck Russian factory vital for Moscow’s missiles, private intelligence firm says

GLASGOW, Scotland — A Russian factory that Ukraine struck on Sept. 26 supplies electronics for a wide range of Russia’s missiles, potentially leaving Moscow without a fallback supplier, according to leaked documents obtained by the Ukrainian private intelligence firm Dallas Analytics.

The documents about the factory in question, Azov Optical-Mechanical Plant (AOMZ) in Russia’s western Rostov Oblast, cover April 2023 to March 2025 and include internal correspondence, state contract records and cooperation schedules. They also include letters from the Tactical Missiles Corporation (KTRV), the state holding company that owns the plant. Among the documents is an apparent supply schedule of more than 70 line items, naming 44 component suppliers.

The documents, Dallas Analytics said, place AOMZ in the production chains of “at least seven” missile programs, including the Kh-101 cruise missile, the R-37M air-to-air missile and the Oreshnik intermediate-range ballistic missile. An additional document provided to Defense News by Dallas Analytics lists a line item identified as components for an air-to-air missile with the additional comment “export China 192 pieces.”

Missiles are on display at the stand of Tactical Missile Armament Corporation JSC at the International Maritime Defense Show 2026 in Kronstadt, Russia, on June 14, 2026. (Photo by Maksim Konstantinov/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)

Records put the value of components slated for production there in 2025 at 583.6 million rubles ($6.9 million), of which 497.6 million ($5.9 million) had been paid in advance.

Ukraine’s Security Service said it hit the plant, in the southwestern Russian city of Azov, overnight on Sept. 26 with Neptune cruise missiles and drones. Rostov Governor Yuri Slyusar acknowledged a drone attack on Azov that damaged “industrial facilities” and residential buildings. Russian officials have not named AOMZ as a target or confirmed damage to it. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said a plant in the region making missile components was hit.

Dallas Analytics said AOMZ builds the Kh-101 cruise missile’s “Otblesk” navigation lidar and its flight automation block, and it claimed there is no alternative supplier for either. It noted that Russia has fired the Kh-101 en masse at Ukrainian cities and energy infrastructure.

A screenshot of part of a leaked internal production plan for 2026 by the AOMZ factory, showing the volume of different components to be produced per month. (provided by Ukrainian private intelligence firm Dallas Analytics)

A set of additional documents reviewed by Defense News appears to show the plant’s production schedule for 2026, providing a glimpse of the components in the pipeline for the remainder of the year. Among them are 36 sets of electrical and power units destined for what Dallas Analytics identified as the R-37 air-to-air missile, as well as 41 units of item “65СНЛЭ,” meant for what the intelligence firm said is an export version of the Kh-38 air-to-surface missile. A further 50 such items were on the production docket for November and December, slated to power a domestic version of that weapon.

The firm also said the supply schedule lists TRV-Engineering, KTRV’s procurement arm, as a supplier of microcircuits for the Kh-101’s navigation set. A previous investigation identified TRV-Engineering as a channel for importing foreign microelectronics.

The Kh-101 has been used regularly to strike Ukraine. A variant with a nuclear warhead, called the Kh-102, also exists.

A KTRV letter dated Mar. 4, 2025, and marked “URGENT!!!” said the Russian Aerospace Forces wanted more deliveries from 2026, Dallas Analytics said. The document lists 500 each of several electronic blocks as well as 1,000 R-37M missile housings a year. AOMZ was given 72 hours to respond to the government on whether they could deliver the new quotas.

The United States government placed sanctions on the plant in April 2022. The European Union, Britain, Japan, Ukraine and other countries have followed suit.

Dallas Analytics pointed to the use of intermediaries and front companies for the procurement of components globally, allowing plants like AOMZ to operate despite international sanctions.

Linus Höller is Defense News' Europe correspondent and OSINT investigator. He reports on the arms deals, sanctions, and geopolitics shaping Europe and the world. He holds master’s degrees in WMD nonproliferation, terrorism studies, and international relations, and works in four languages: English, German, Russian, and Spanish.

苏格兰格拉斯哥——据乌克兰私人情报公司达拉斯分析公司获得的泄露文件显示，乌克兰于9月26日袭击的一家俄罗斯工厂为俄罗斯的各种导弹提供电子元件，这可能使莫斯科失去备用供应商。

这些文件涉及位于俄罗斯西部罗斯托夫州的亚速光机电厂（AOMZ），时间跨度为2023年4月至2025年3月，内容包括内部信函、国家合同记录和合作计划。此外，还包括该厂所属国有控股公司——战术导弹集团（KTRV）的来函。文件中包含一份疑似供应计划，列出了70多个项目，涉及44家零部件供应商。

达拉斯分析公司表示，这些文件表明，AOMZ参与了“至少七个”导弹项目的生产链，其中包括Kh-101巡航导弹、R-37M空空导弹和“奥列什尼克”中程弹道导弹。达拉斯分析公司提供给《防务新闻》的另一份文件列出了一项被标注为空空导弹部件的清单，并附有“出口中国192件”的注释。

2026年6月14日，在俄罗斯喀琅施塔得举行的2026年国际海事防务展上，战术导弹武器公司（Tactical Missile Armament Corporation JSC）的展台上展出了导弹。（图片由Maksim Konstantinov/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images提供）

记录显示，计划于 2025 年在该地区生产的零部件价值为 5.836 亿卢布（690 万美元），其中 4.976 亿卢布（590 万美元）已预付。

乌克兰安全局称，9月26日晚间，乌克兰使用“海王星”巡航导弹和无人机袭击了位于俄罗斯西南部城市亚速的一家工厂。罗斯托夫州州长尤里·斯柳萨尔承认，亚速遭到无人机袭击，造成“工业设施”和居民楼受损。俄罗斯官员尚未将AOMZ工厂列为袭击目标，也未确认其是否受损。乌克兰总统泽连斯基表示，该地区一家生产导弹部件的工厂遭到袭击。

达拉斯分析公司称，AOMZ公司为Kh-101巡航导弹制造了“奥特布莱斯克”导航激光雷达及其飞行自动化模块，并声称这两项部件均无其他替代供应商。该公司还指出，俄罗斯曾大规模向乌克兰城市和能源基础设施发射Kh-101导弹。

一张泄露的AOMZ工厂2026年内部生产计划截图，显示了每月不同零部件的产量。（由乌克兰私人情报公司达拉斯分析公司提供）

《防务新闻》审阅的一系列补充文件似乎显示了该工厂2026年的生产计划，并揭示了当年剩余时间里正在生产的零部件。其中包括36套电气和动力单元，这些单元将用于达拉斯分析公司所称的R-37空空导弹；以及41件编号为“65СНЛЭ”的部件，据该情报公司称，这些部件将用于Kh-38空地导弹的出口版本。此外，还有50件类似的部件计划于11月和12月生产，用于该导弹的国产版本。

该公司还表示，供货清单显示，KTRV的采购部门TRV-Engineering是Kh-101导航系统微电路的供应商。此前的一项调查发现，TRV-Engineering是进口外国微电子产品的渠道之一。

Kh-101导弹曾多次被用于袭击乌克兰。此外，还有一种配备核弹头的改进型，名为Kh-102。

达拉斯分析公司称，一份日期为2025年3月4日、标有“紧急！！！”字样的KTRV信函显示，俄罗斯空天军希望从2026年起增加交付量。该文件列出了每年500个电子模块以及1000个R-37M导弹发射筒。AOMZ公司被要求在72小时内向俄罗斯政府答复是否能够交付这些新配额。

美国政府于 2022 年 4 月对该工厂实施制裁。欧盟、英国、日本、乌克兰和其他国家也相继效仿。

达拉斯分析公司指出，在全球范围内采购零部件时会使用中间商和幌子公司，这使得像 AOMZ 这样的工厂能够在国际制裁下继续运营。

林努斯·霍勒是《防务新闻》的欧洲记者和开源情报调查员。他报道影响欧洲乃至全球的军火交易、制裁和地缘政治。他拥有大规模杀伤性武器不扩散、恐怖主义研究和国际关系三个硕士学位，并精通英语、德语、俄语和西班牙语四种语言。