Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, October 6, 2026俄罗斯攻势行动评估,2026年10月6日
Russia will significantly increase its purchase of foreign currency and gold between October 7 and November 6, 2026.

Russia will significantly increase its purchase of foreign currency and gold between October 7 and November 6, 2026 in an effort to mitigate the effects of declining oil and gas export revenues. The Russian Ministry of Finance announced on October 5 that Russia will increase the funds allocated for purchasing foreign currency and gold by five times between October 7 and November 6, 2026, compared to the previous month’s allocations, resulting in a 10.2-billion-ruble (about $120.4 million) daily purchase increase.[1] The Ministry of Finance added that the actual Russian oil and gas revenues fell short of the expected baseline by 10.04 billion rubles (about $118.5 million) at the end of September 2026. Russia’s significant increase in the purchase of foreign currency and gold is likely meant to devalue the ruble, helping to offset the declining oil and gas revenues, given that Ukraine’s long-range strike campaign against Russian oil infrastructure has severely impacted these revenue streams. The Ukrainian Ministry of Defense (MoD) reported on October 5 that Ukrainian long-range strikes against Russian oil refineries have disabled over 51 percent of Russia’s total oil refining capacity.[2] Ukrainian forces have consistently targeted Russian oil refineries since early 2024 but have intensified their campaign against Russian oil refining, production, processing, storage, distribution, and export facilities since March 2026.[3] The increase in Russian purchases of foreign currency and gold is one of the indicators of Russia’s continued economic problems, such as labor and fuel shortages, and rising inflation.[4]
Russia’s recently intensified strike campaign against bridges in major Ukrainian cities has expanded to Zaporizhzhia City. Ukrainian Zaporizhia Oblast Military Administration Head Mykhailo Semikin stated on October 6 that Russian forces struck an unspecified bridge over the Dnipro River in Zaporizhzhia City with an unspecified aerial vehicle, temporarily halting traffic along the bridge.[5] Russia has recently intensified long-range drone strikes against Ukrainian bridges across the Dnipro River in Kyiv City and is likely expanding its strike campaign to include other major Ukrainian population centers.[6] Zaporizhzhia City is at the crossroads of multiple critical Ukrainian ground lines of communication (GLOCs) and serves as a critical transportation node for Ukrainian military logistics in Zaporizhia Oblast and southern Ukraine. Russia’s recent intensified strikes against bridges in Kyiv and Zaporizhzhia cities are also intended to complicate civilian life within these major population centers by destroying civilian and residential infrastructure, introducing constant fear and uncertainty to daily life, and degrading the Ukrainian domestic economy.[7]
Russia will significantly increase its purchase of foreign currency and gold between October 7 and November 6, 2026 in an effort to mitigate the effects of declining oil and gas export revenues.
Russia’s recently intensified strike campaign against bridges in major Ukrainian cities has expanded to Zaporizhzhia City.
Ukrainian forces recently advanced east of Orikhiv.
Ukrainian forces continued their long-range strike campaign against Russian energy infrastructure overnight on October 5 to 6. Russia launched 137 drones against Ukraine overnight.
We do not report in detail on Russian war crimes because these activities are well-covered in Western media and do not directly affect the military operations we are assessing and forecasting. We will continue to evaluate and report on the effects of these criminal activities on the Ukrainian military and the Ukrainian population and specifically on combat in Ukrainian urban areas. We utterly condemn Russian violations of the laws of armed conflict and the Geneva Conventions and crimes against humanity even though we do not describe them in these reports.
Ukrainian Operations in the Russian Federation
Ukrainian forces appeared to have continued their long-range strike campaign against Russian energy infrastructure overnight on October 5 to 6. Geolocated footage published on October 5 shows a large fire at the Volodyarskaya Linear Production and Dispatch Station in Konstantinovo, Moscow Oblast (roughly 442 kilometers from the international border), after a likely Ukrainian drone strike.[8] Moscow Oblast Governor Andrey Vorobyov claimed that Ukrainian forces struck Moscow Oblast overnight on October 5 to 6.[9]
Russian Supporting Effort: Northern Axis
Russian forces continued offensive operations in northern Sumy Oblast on October 5 and 6 but did not make confirmed advances.[10] A Russian milblogger claimed on October 6 that Russian forces advanced southwest of Potapivka (northwest of Sumy City).[11]
Russian Supporting Effort: Kharkiv Oblast
No significant activity in northern Kharkiv Oblast on October 6. ISW will consider this axis in more detail in the coming days.
Russian milbloggers claimed that Russian forces continued offensive operations in the Velykyi Burluk direction and that Ukrainian forces counterattacked in the area on October 6, but ISW has not observed evidence of Russian advances.[12] A Russian milblogger claimed that Russian forces advanced east of Rublene (northeast of Velykyi Burluk).[13] A Russian milblogger claimed that Ukrainian forces continued to counterattack against the claimed Russian encirclement in northeast Kharkiv Oblast, where Russian sources previously claimed to have surrounded Ukrainian forces.[14] Another Russian milblogger claimed that Russian servicemembers are concerned that thinning vegetation will force Russian troops to withdraw to more defensible positions in the Velykyi Burluk direction, likely due to lack of solid concealment to hide from Ukrainian drones.[15]
Russian Supporting Effort: Oskil River
Recent reporting indicates that Russian forces have intensified fighting in and near Kupyansk-Vuzlovyi (southeast of Kupyansk). [16]
Recent Ukrainian gains north and northeast of Lyman as part of Operation Vivaldi are likely creating cascading effects for Russian operations in the Borova direction (north of Lyman). A source reporting on the Russian Western Grouping of Forces (GoF) claimed that Russian forces are struggling to repel Ukrainian counterattacks southeast of Borova near Kolodyazi, Myrne, Ivanivka, and Novolyubivka and in the direction of the Zherebets River near Hrekivka, Novomykolaivka, and Katerynivka.[17] The source claimed that at least 8,000 Russian servicemembers have deserted the Western GoF’s area of responsibility (AoR, which spans from Kupyansk to Lyman) and that the Western GoF has been suffering over 1,000 casualties per week for the last six months as a result of Ukrainian counterattacks.[18]
Russian Main Effort: Capture Ukraine’s Fortress Belt and complete the seizure of Donetsk Oblast
Russian Subordinate Main Effort #1 – Encircle the Fortress Belt from the northwest
Russian forces continued offensive operations near and northwest, northeast, east, southwest, and south of Lyman on October 5 and 6 but did not advance.[19] A source reporting on the Russian Western Grouping of Forces (GoF) claimed that Ukrainian forces are attempting to infiltrate toward Yampil (southeast of Lyman) through the area around Myrne (northeast of Lyman) and advance along the Zherebets River using ravines, windbreaks, and terrain features for cover and concealment.[20]
Russian Subordinate Main Effort #2 – Advance on the Fortress Belt from the east
A Russian milblogger claimed that Ukrainian forces are attempting to infiltrate into Rai-Oleksandrivka (east of Slovyansk) and claimed that Russian forces eliminated all Ukrainian infiltration groups, despite evidence indicating that Ukrainian forces control the settlement. [21] Ukrainian 3rd Army Corps Chief of Staff and Deputy Commander Petro Horbatenko stated on September 19 that Ukrainian forces cleared Rai-Oleksandrivka, and ISW has observed evidence that Ukrainian forces are conducting counteroffensive actions east of Slovyansk.[22]
Russian forces continued offensive operations east of Kramatorsk near Tykhonivka on October 5 and 6 but did not advance. [23]
Russian Subordinate Main Effort #3 – Advance on the Fortress Belt from the south
Ukrainian forces are reportedly expanding the area of their counterattacks in the Kostyantynivka direction. A Kremlin-affiliated milblogger claimed on October 5 that Ukrainian forces reportedly began counterattacking towards Rusyn Yar in early October 2026.[24] Ukrainian forces recently began counterattacks in other areas of the Kostyantynivka direction, and the reports of Ukrainian counterattacks near Rusyn Yar indicate that Ukrainian forces are further expanding the area of their operations, likely facilitated by the recent reorganization of the Ukrainian command structure in Donetsk Oblast.[25]
Russian Subordinate Main Effort #4 – Encircle the Fortress Belt from the southwest
Russian forces recently conducted infiltration missions within and south of Dobropillya amidst continued intensified Russian offensive operations south of Dobropillya. Ukrainian forces struck Russian positions in southern Dobropillya and southern Shevchenko (south of Dobropillya), according to geolocated footage published on October 6, after what ISW assesses were infiltration missions.[26] The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces conducted offensive operations toward Novohryshyne, Vasylivka, and Chernihivka (all south of Dobropillya) on October 5 and 6.[27] Russian forces have maintained the highest offensive tempo across the frontline in the Dobropillya direction, demonstrating a continued Russian priority to encircle the Fortress Belt from the southwest. Russian forces are likely attempting to advance northward from Pokrovsk (southeast of Dobropillya) to the southern outskirts of Dobropillya to concentrate manpower for a future offensive push toward the city.[28]
Russian milbloggers are using falsified claims of Ukrainian counterattacks northeast of Dobropillya to support the claim that Russian forces have partially encircled Dobropillya. A Russian milblogger claimed that Ukrainian forces fully control Novovodyane (north of Dobropillya) and are concentrating forces in Novovodyane, Maryivka, and Petrivka (both northeast of Novovodyane) in preparation for counterattacks toward Rubizhne (northeast of Dobropillya).[29] Another milblogger claimed that Ukrainian forces counterattacked near Zolotyi Kolodyaz (northeast of Dobropillya) and are attempting to cut off an alleged Russian salient that stretches from Toretske (northeast of Dobropillya) to Dobropillya.[30] The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) falsely claimed on September 22 that Russian forces had encircled Ukrainian forces in Dobropillya.[31] ISW has observed evidence to assess that Russian advances are at least 5.5 kilometers from Zolotyi Kolodyaz and at least five kilometers from Rubizhne. Russian milbloggers are likely making these false claims of Ukrainian counterattacks northeast of Dobropillya to uphold baseless claims about the existence of a Russian salient in the area.
Ukrainian forces continued their intermediate-range strike campaign against Russian military-industrial facilities in occupied Donetsk Oblast. A Ukrainian regiment reported on October 6 that Ukrainian forces struck the Snizhne Machine Building Plant in occupied Donetsk Oblast, likely in occupied Snizhne (roughly 90 kilometers from the frontline).[32] The regiment noted that the plant specializes in producing parts for gas turbine engines.
Russian Supporting Effort: Advance into Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
No significant activity in the Novopavlivka direction on October 6. ISW will consider this axis in more detail in the coming days.
Russian forces are reportedly utilizing a combination of newly constructed fortified positions and former captured Ukrainian-constructed fortified positions for cover in the Oleksandrivka direction. A spokesperson for a Ukrainian brigade operating in the Oleksandrivka direction stated on October 6 that Russian forces are using former Ukrainian fortified positions and are constructing new underground concrete fortifications to strengthen their defenses against Ukrainian counterattacks.[33]
Russian forces are not yet conducting mechanized assaults in the Oleksandrivka direction, but seasonal changes may soon change Russian tactics. The spokesperson for the Ukrainian brigade operating in the Oleksandrivka direction noted that Russian forces continue to leverage vegetative concealment to conduct infantry infiltration missions, but that soon this leaf cover will disappear, and the movement of these footmobile infantry groups will become more difficult, and Russian forces may rely more on conducting mechanized assaults.[34]
The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) and Russian milbloggers continue to use likely AI-altered footage to make aggrandized claims of Russian advances in the Oleksandrivka and Hulyaipole directions. Russian sources published footage on October 6 purportedly showing elements of the Russian 36th Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade (29th Combined Arms Army [CAA], Eastern Military District [EMD]) raising flags in Holubkove (southwest of Oleksandrivka and northwest of Hulyaipole and roughly 19 kilometers from the furthest assessed extent of Russian advances).[35] The Russian MoD subsequently claimed that Russian forces seized Holubkove.[36] A Russian milblogger claimed that the seizure of Holubkove primes Russian forces for future advances towards Novomykolaivka (northwest of Holubkove and a major Ukrainian ground line of communication [GLOC]).[37] ISW has not observed evidence to indicate that Russian forces have advanced near Holubkove. Russian forces may view Novomykolaivka as a key operational objective, as it serves as a major hub for Ukrainian GLOCs to both western Zaporizhia Oblast and Oleksandrivka, but it remains unlikely that Russian forces will be able to meaningfully advance towards, much less seize, this objective any time soon.
Russian Supporting Effort: Southern Axis
Ukrainian forces recently either advanced or maintained positions in western Zaporizhia Oblast. Ukrainian forces maintain positions southeast of Novoselivka (west of Orikhiv), according to geolocated footage published on October 5, in areas where Russian sources previously claimed that Russian forces maintained positions.[38] Russian forces struck a Ukrainian position in northern Novoandriivka (southwest of Orikhiv), according to geolocated footage published on October 5, indicating that Ukrainian forces maintain positions in the area contrary to Russian claims.[39] A Russian milblogger claimed on October 6 that Russian forces are conducting clearing operations in Novoandriivka, despite this available evidence to the contrary.[40]
Ukrainian strikes have collapsed a key bridge connecting occupied Kherson Oblast and Crimea. A Ukrainian open-source intelligence (OSINT) source analyzed satellite imagery collected on September 26 and September 30 showing that Ukrainian strikes have collapsed the Chonhar Bridge, which connects occupied Kherson Oblast and Crimea.[41] The account reported that the satellite imagery from September 26 shows three large holes in the bridge and that the September 30 imagery shows that the bridge had collapsed. A satellite image from mid-August 2026 shows damage to the bridge but shows the bridge intact.
Ukrainian forces continued their intermediate-range strike campaign against Russian communications infrastructure in occupied Kherson Oblast. Ukrainian forces struck two Russian mobile communications stations along the E-105 Simferopol-Melitopol highway east of Oleksiivka (roughly 145 kilometers from the frontline), according to geolocated footage published on October 5.[42]
Russian Air, Missile, and Drone Campaign
Note: The Ukrainian military ceased regularly reporting the numbers of Russian missiles fired and the number of missiles intercepted as of August 11. [43]
Russian forces conducted a series of drone strikes against Ukraine on the night of October 5 to 6. The Ukrainian Air Force reported that Russian forces launched 137 Shahed-type (including 49 jet-powered drones) and Gerbera-type strike drones, Banderol or Dan-T loitering munitions, and Parodiya-type decoy drones from the directions of Oryol and Kursk cities; Shatalovo, Smolensk Oblast; Millerovo, Rostov Oblast; Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Krasnodar Krai; occupied Donetsk City; occupied Hvardiiske, Crimea; and from over the Sea of Azov.[44] The Ukrainian Air Force reported that Ukrainian forces downed 114 drones, that unspecified air vehicles struck 17 locations, and that debris fell on four locations.
Russia presented ground terminals for the Rassvet satellite internet constellation that will enable Russian forces to increase the range and precision of long-range drone strikes. Russian aerospace company Bureau 1440, which is developing the Russian Rassvet constellation, presented on October 6 three models of ground terminals that allow users to connect to the constellation and access the internet.[45] Bureau 1440 stated that the three models differ in size, connection speeds, and the ability to provide fast-moving vehicles with uninterrupted connection. The lack of mobile ground terminals currently constrains Russian forces’ use of the Rassvet satellite network even during the limited windows of connectivity that occur when flying drones in Ukraine. A broad adoption of mobile Rassvet ground terminals and a further expansion of the existing Rassvet satellite constellation would allow Russian forces to significantly improve their long-range precision strike capabilities and communications on the frontline.[46] The integration of portable Rassvet terminals into tactical and long-range strike drones would enable Russian forces to control and transmit data to drones at a range limited only by the Rassvet satellite constellation’s coverage and increase the drones’ precision and resistance to conventional EW systems. Russian forces currently rely on mesh radio networks to conduct long-range precision drone strikes, which limits the range at which Russian operators can maintain a connection and live operator control over the drones.
Unidentified drones struck three cargo ships off the Bulgarian and Romanian coasts in the Black Sea. The Romanian Ministry of Internal Affairs reported that on the morning of October 5 that a fire broke out on a vessel in the Romanian exclusive economic zone, approximately 30 nautical miles south of Sfantul Gheorghe, causing two deaths and sinking the ship.[47] Bulgarian Prime Minister Rumen Radev stated on October 6 that unidentified aerial and naval drones struck two merchant ships in the Bulgarian exclusive economic zone in the Black Sea, roughly 70 nautical miles east of Byala, sinking one vessel and killing its crew, and injuring two crewmembers aboard the second vessel.[48] An open-source X channel identified the two ships that drones struck off the coast of Bulgaria as the Able (IMO 9001136) and the Alfa Watan (IMO 7510884).[49]
Ukraine continues to develop and produce cost-effective countermeasures to Russian jet-powered drones and small cruise missiles. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky stated on October 5 that Ukraine is currently sourcing F-16 fighter jet ammunition from across the globe and that F-16 jets are one of the most effective countermeasures to Russian jet-powered Geran drones.[50] Zelensky added that he and French President Emmanuel Macron agreed that Ukrainian pilots will begin training on French Rafale jets. Ukrainian forces rely on internal 20mm rotary cannons and air-to-air missiles to down Russian air targets, particularly jet-powered strike drones.[51] Development, production, and procurement of cost-effective countermeasures to Russian jet-powered drones and small cruise missiles are vital to Ukraine’s efforts to enhance the adaptability and resilience of Ukrainian air defenses against emerging Russian technological adaptations, including those Russia might field after Ukraine develops effective counters to jet-powered drones. These potential Ukrainian measures include propeller-driven and jet-powered drone interceptors, cost-effective surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), automated and manned machine gun turrets, and man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS), which will allow Ukraine to develop an adaptable and layered air defense capable of effectively countering new Russian weapons.
Significant Activity in Belarus
Nothing significant to report.
Note: ISW does not receive any classified material from any source, uses only publicly available information, and draws extensively on Russian, Ukrainian, and Western reporting and social media as well as commercially available satellite imagery and other geospatial data as the basis for these reports. References to all sources used are provided in the endnotes of each update.
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[20] https://t.me/grvZapad/19998 [21] https://t.me/motopatriot78/56552 [22] https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-19-2026/; https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-29-2026/ [23] https://t.me/GeneralStaffZSU/42488; https://t.me/GeneralStaffZSU/42486; [24] https://t.me/rybar/83734 [25] https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-30-2026/; https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-26-2026/; https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-1-2026/ [26] https://x.com/Bielitzling/status/2107441365554471005; https://www.instagram.com/ngu_3101/reel/DeJbaLgA_0n [27] https://t.me/GeneralStaffZSU/42488 ; https://t.me/GeneralStaffZSU/42486 [28] https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-19-2026/ ; https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-18-2026/ [29] https://t.me/motopatriot78/56537 [30] https://t.me/DnevnikDesantnika/48454 [31] https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-22-2026/; https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-24-2026/ [32] https://t.me/raid_413/1963 ; https://armyinform.com dot ua/2026/10/06/rejd-urazyv-snizhnyanskyj-mashynobudivnyj-zavod-yakyj-praczyuye-na-aviaprom-rf/ [33] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_hgVy3tUZM ; https://armyinform.com dot ua/2026/10/06/%c2%abkynemo-bynty-i-zelenku-matajsya-sydy-i-chekaj%c2%bb-rosiyany-kydayut-poranenyh-pomyraty-na-peredovij/
[34] https://armyinform.com dot ua/2026/10/06/%c2%abvoda-rozbyvayetsya-ob-zemlyu-suhpaj-%e2%80%94-rozlitayetsya%c2%bb-u-79-j-brygadi-rozpovily-yak-okupanty-zalyshayutsya-bez-postachannya/ ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_hgVy3tUZM&feature=youtu.be [35] https://t.me/voin_dv/21443 ; https://t.me/Osintpen/3656 ; https://x.com/richardzai38580/status/2107370491246002182 ; https://x.com/richardzai38580/status/2107372405614342283 [36] https://t.me/mod_russia/67981 [37] https://t.me/voin_dv/21443 ; https://t.me/sashakots/64905 [38] https://x.com/richardzai38580/status/2107199114064896460 ; https://t.me/voin_dv/21437 ; https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-26-2026/ [39] https://t.me/zapravdu_1429/3627 ; https://x.com/richardzai38580/status/2107181738254549194 [40] https://t.me/motopatriot78/56536 [41] https://t.me/DniproOfficial/8230 [42] https://x.com/blinzka/status/2107202646381580380; https://x.com/413_raid/status/2107069587254608320 [43] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-11/ukraine-stops-reporting-russia-missile-data-as-defenses-struggle?srnd=homepage-americas; https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-11-2026/ [44] https://t.me/kpszsu/83263 [45] https://t.me/bureau_1440/174 [46] https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russias-quest-to-intensify-the-theater-wide-battlefield-air-interdiction-campaign-against-ukraines-logistics/ [47] https://www.mai dot gov.ro/structurile-ministerului-afacerilor-interne-misiune-complexa-pentru-salvarea-echipajului-unei-nave-care-s-a-scufundat-in-marea-neagra/ [48] https://www.government dot bg/special/bg/prestsentar/novini/rumen-radev-atakata-sreshtu-dva-targovski-koraba-v-balgarskata-ikonomicheska-zona-e-absolyutno-nedopustima?utm_source=chatgpt.com [49] https://x.com/DefenceGeek/status/2107388556163367184 [50] https://www.president dot gov.ua/news/uzhe-ye-paketi-v-dorozi-i-she-bude-dodatkovo-shob-u-nashih-l-106749 [51] https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-16-2026/
为缓解油气出口收入下滑的影响,俄罗斯将于2026年10月7日至11月6日期间大幅增加外汇和黄金的购买量。俄罗斯财政部于10月5日宣布,与上月相比,俄罗斯将在2026年10月7日至11月6日期间将外汇和黄金购买资金增加五倍,每日购买量将增加102亿卢布(约合1.204亿美元)。[1] 财政部补充说,截至2026年9月底,俄罗斯实际油气收入比预期基线低100.4亿卢布(约合1.185亿美元)。鉴于乌克兰对俄罗斯石油基础设施的长期打击严重影响了这些收入来源,俄罗斯大幅增加外汇和黄金购买量很可能是为了使卢布贬值,从而有助于抵消油气收入的下降。乌克兰国防部10月5日报告称,乌克兰对俄罗斯炼油厂的远程打击已使俄罗斯超过51%的炼油产能瘫痪。[2] 自2024年初以来,乌克兰军队一直以俄罗斯炼油厂为目标,但自2026年3月以来,他们加大了对俄罗斯炼油、生产、加工、储存、分销和出口设施的打击力度。[3] 俄罗斯外汇和黄金购买量的增加是俄罗斯持续面临劳动力和燃料短缺以及通货膨胀加剧等经济问题的指标之一。[4]
俄罗斯近期加大了对乌克兰主要城市桥梁的袭击力度,目前已蔓延至扎波罗热市。乌克兰扎波罗热州军事管理局局长米哈伊洛·谢米金于10月6日表示,俄罗斯军队使用不明飞行器袭击了扎波罗热市第聂伯河上的一座桥梁,导致该桥交通暂时中断。[5] 俄罗斯近期加大了对基辅市第聂伯河上乌克兰桥梁的远程无人机袭击力度,并可能将袭击范围扩大到其他乌克兰主要人口中心。[6] 扎波罗热市位于多条乌克兰重要地面交通线(GLOC)的交汇处,是乌克兰扎波罗热州乃至乌克兰南部军事后勤的重要运输枢纽。俄罗斯最近加大了对基辅和扎波罗热两座城市桥梁的袭击力度,其目的还在于破坏民用和住宅基础设施,使这些主要人口中心的平民生活更加复杂,给日常生活带来持续的恐惧和不确定性,并削弱乌克兰国内经济。[7]
为缓解石油和天然气出口收入下降的影响,俄罗斯将于 2026 年 10 月 7 日至 11 月 6 日期间大幅增加外汇和黄金的购买量。
俄罗斯近期加大了对乌克兰主要城市桥梁的破坏力度,目前已蔓延至扎波罗热市。
乌克兰军队最近向奥里希夫以东推进。
10月5日至6日夜间,乌克兰军队继续对俄罗斯能源基础设施发动远程打击行动。俄罗斯当晚向乌克兰发射了137架无人机。
我们不会详细报道俄罗斯的战争罪行,因为西方媒体已对此进行充分报道,而且这些罪行不会直接影响我们正在评估和预测的军事行动。我们将继续评估并报道这些犯罪活动对乌克兰军队和乌克兰民众的影响,特别是对乌克兰城市地区战斗的影响。我们强烈谴责俄罗斯违反武装冲突法和日内瓦公约的行为以及反人类罪行,尽管我们并未在这些报告中详细描述这些罪行。
乌克兰在俄罗斯联邦的行动
10月5日至6日夜间,乌克兰军队似乎继续对俄罗斯能源基础设施发动远程打击。10月5日发布的地理定位视频显示,莫斯科州康斯坦丁诺沃市的弗拉基米尔线性生产和调度站(距国际边界约442公里)发生大火,这很可能是乌克兰无人机袭击造成的。[8] 莫斯科州州长安德烈·沃罗比约夫声称,乌克兰军队在10月5日至6日夜间袭击了莫斯科州。[9]
俄罗斯的支持行动:北方轴心国
10 月 5 日和 6 日,俄军继续在苏梅州北部进行进攻行动,但没有取得确切进展。[10] 10 月 6 日,一位俄罗斯军事博主声称,俄军向波塔皮夫卡(苏梅市西北部)西南方向推进。[11]
俄罗斯的支持行动:哈尔科夫州
10月6日,哈尔科夫州北部地区未发生重大活动。ISW将在未来几天内更详细地研究这一区域。
俄罗斯军事博客声称,俄军继续在韦利基布尔卢克方向发动进攻,乌克兰军队于10月6日在该地区进行了反击,但ISW并未观察到俄军推进的证据。[12] 一位俄罗斯军事博客声称,俄军向鲁布列内以东(韦利基布尔卢克东北部)推进。[13] 另一位俄罗斯军事博客声称,乌克兰军队继续反击俄军在哈尔科夫州东北部所谓的包围圈,此前俄罗斯方面声称已包围了乌克兰军队。[14] 还有一位俄罗斯军事博客声称,俄军士兵担心植被稀疏将迫使俄军撤退到韦利基布尔卢克方向更易防御的阵地,这可能是因为缺乏可靠的掩体来躲避乌克兰无人机。[15]
俄罗斯的支持行动:奥斯基尔河
近期报道显示,俄罗斯军队已加强在库皮扬斯克-武兹洛维(库皮扬斯克东南部)及其周边地区的战斗。[16]
近期乌克兰军队在莱曼北部和东北部地区通过“维瓦尔第行动”取得的进展,可能对俄罗斯在博罗瓦方向(莱曼以北)的军事行动产生连锁反应。一位消息人士称,在博罗瓦东南部的科洛迪亚齐、米尔内、伊万尼夫卡和新柳比夫卡附近,以及在热列别茨河方向的赫雷基夫卡、新米科拉伊夫卡和卡捷琳尼夫卡附近,俄军正艰难抵御乌克兰军队的反击。[17] 该消息人士还称,至少有8000名俄罗斯军人从西部部队的责任区(从库皮扬斯克到莱曼)逃离,并且在过去六个月中,由于乌克兰的反击,西部部队每周伤亡超过1000人。[18]
俄罗斯主要目标:夺取乌克兰要塞带并完成对顿涅茨克州的占领
俄军下属主要行动一:从西北方向包围要塞带
10月5日和6日,俄军继续在莱曼附近及西北、东北、东、西南和南部地区发动进攻行动,但并未取得进展。[19] 有消息人士称,俄军西部集团军(GoF)正试图通过米尔内(莱曼东北部)附近地区向扬皮尔(莱曼东南部)渗透,并利用沟壑、防风林和地形特征作为掩护和隐蔽,沿热列别茨河推进。[20]
俄军第二主力行动——从东面进攻要塞带
一位俄罗斯军事博客作者声称,乌克兰军队正试图渗透到赖-奥列克桑德里夫卡(位于斯拉维扬斯克以东),并声称俄军消灭了所有乌克兰渗透小组,尽管有证据表明乌克兰军队控制着该定居点。[21] 乌克兰第三集团军参谋长兼副司令彼得罗·霍尔巴坚科于9月19日表示,乌克兰军队已肃清赖-奥列克桑德里夫卡,且美国军事情报局(ISW)已观察到乌克兰军队正在斯拉维扬斯克以东进行反攻行动的证据。[22]
10月5日和6日,俄军在克拉马托尔斯克以东的季霍尼夫卡附近继续发动进攻,但没有取得进展。[23]
俄军下属主要行动#3——从南部向要塞带推进
据报道,乌克兰军队正在扩大其在科斯蒂安蒂尼夫卡方向的反击范围。一位与克里姆林宫有关联的军事博客作者于10月5日声称,乌克兰军队据称于2026年10月初开始向鲁辛亚尔方向发起反击。[24] 乌克兰军队最近在科斯蒂安蒂尼夫卡方向的其他地区也开始了反击,而有关乌克兰军队在鲁辛亚尔附近发起反击的报道表明,乌克兰军队正在进一步扩大其行动范围,这很可能得益于近期乌克兰在顿涅茨克州指挥结构的重组。[25]
俄军下属主要行动#4——从西南方向包围要塞带
在俄军持续加强多布罗皮利亚以南攻势的同时,俄军近期在多布罗皮利亚及其以南地区实施了渗透行动。根据10月6日公布的地理定位视频,乌克兰军队在俄军渗透行动后,袭击了多布罗皮利亚南部和舍甫琴科南部(多布罗皮利亚以南)的俄军阵地。[26] 乌克兰总参谋部报告称,俄军于10月5日和6日向新格里申、瓦西里夫卡和切尔尼戈夫卡(均位于多布罗皮利亚以南)方向发动了进攻。[27] 俄军在多布罗皮利亚方向的整个前线保持着最高的攻势节奏,表明俄军仍然将从西南方向包围“要塞带”作为首要任务。俄军很可能正试图从波克罗夫斯克(多布罗皮利亚东南)向北推进到多布罗皮利亚南部郊区,以便集中兵力,为将来向该市发起进攻做准备。[28]
俄罗斯军事博客作者利用捏造的乌克兰军队在多布罗皮利亚东北部发动反击的说法,来佐证俄军已部分包围多布罗皮利亚的说法。一位俄罗斯军事博客作者声称,乌克兰军队已完全控制新沃迪亚内(位于多布罗皮利亚北部),并在新沃迪亚内、马里夫卡和彼得里夫卡(均位于新沃迪亚内东北部)集结兵力,准备向鲁比日内(位于多布罗皮利亚东北部)发动反击。[29] 另一位军事博客作者则声称,乌克兰军队在佐洛蒂科洛迪亚兹(位于多布罗皮利亚东北部)附近发动反击,并试图切断据称从托列茨克(位于多布罗皮利亚东北部)延伸至多布罗皮利亚的俄军突出部。[30]俄罗斯国防部于9月22日错误地声称俄军已包围多布罗皮利亚的乌克兰军队。[31] ISW观察到的证据表明,俄军的推进距离佐洛蒂科洛迪亚兹至少5.5公里,距离鲁比日内至少5公里。俄罗斯军事博客作者很可能是在捏造乌克兰军队在多布罗皮利亚东北部发动反击的虚假消息,以支持其关于该地区存在俄军突出部的毫无根据的说法。
乌克兰军队继续对被占领的顿涅茨克州境内的俄罗斯军工设施进行中程打击。10月6日,一个乌克兰团报告称,乌克兰军队袭击了位于被占领的顿涅茨克州境内的斯尼日内机械制造厂,该厂可能位于被占领的斯尼日内(距前线约90公里)。[32] 该团指出,该厂专门生产燃气轮机零部件。
俄罗斯支援行动:进军第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克州
10月6日,新巴甫洛夫卡方向未出现明显活动。ISW将在未来几天内更详细地研究该轴线。
据报道,俄军在奥列克桑德里夫卡方向利用新建的防御工事和之前缴获的乌克兰防御工事作为掩护。10月6日,在奥列克桑德里夫卡方向作战的乌克兰旅发言人表示,俄军正在利用乌克兰之前的防御工事,并建造新的地下混凝土工事,以加强其防御,抵御乌克兰的反击。[33]
俄军目前尚未在奥列克桑德里夫卡方向进行机械化进攻,但季节变化可能很快会改变俄军的战术。在奥列克桑德里夫卡方向作战的乌克兰旅发言人指出,俄军目前继续利用植被掩护进行步兵渗透作战,但这种植被很快就会消失,步兵部队的行动将变得更加困难,俄军可能会更多地依赖机械化进攻。[34]
俄罗斯国防部和一些俄罗斯军事博客作者继续使用疑似人工智能篡改的视频,夸大俄军在奥列克桑德里夫卡和胡利亚伊波列方向的推进。10月6日,俄罗斯方面发布了一段视频,据称显示俄军第36独立摩托化步兵旅(隶属东部军区第29合成集团军)的部分兵力在霍卢布科韦(位于奥列克桑德里夫卡西南方、胡利亚伊波列西北方,距离俄军推进的最远估计点约19公里)升起了旗帜。[35] 随后,俄罗斯国防部声称俄军占领了霍卢布科韦。[36] 一位俄罗斯军事博客作者声称,占领霍卢布科韦为俄军未来向新米科拉伊夫卡(位于霍卢布科韦西北方,是乌克兰一条重要的陆路交通线)推进做好了准备。[37] ISW尚未发现任何证据表明俄军已在霍卢布科韦附近推进。俄军可能将新米科拉伊夫卡视为重要的作战目标,因为它是乌克兰通往扎波罗热州西部和奥列克桑德里夫卡的全球物流中心的重要枢纽,但俄军近期内不太可能对该目标取得实质性进展,更遑论占领。
俄罗斯的支持行动:南方轴心
乌克兰军队近期在扎波罗热州西部推进或维持了阵地。根据10月5日发布的地理定位视频,乌克兰军队在诺沃谢利夫卡东南(奥里希夫以西)维持阵地,而此前俄罗斯方面声称俄军在该地区设有阵地。[38] 根据10月5日发布的地理定位视频,俄军袭击了位于诺沃安德里夫卡北部(奥里希夫西南部)的乌克兰阵地,表明乌克兰军队在该地区维持着阵地,这与俄罗斯的说法相悖。[39] 尽管有相反的证据,但一位俄罗斯军事博客作者于10月6日声称俄军正在诺沃安德里夫卡进行清剿行动。[40]
乌克兰空袭导致连接被占领的赫尔松州和克里米亚的一座重要桥梁坍塌。一位乌克兰开源情报(OSINT)人士分析了9月26日和30日收集的卫星图像,结果显示乌克兰空袭导致连接被占领的赫尔松州和克里米亚的琼哈尔桥坍塌。[41] 该消息来源称,9月26日的卫星图像显示桥梁上有三个大洞,而9月30日的图像显示桥梁已经坍塌。2026年8月中旬的卫星图像显示桥梁受损,但主体结构完好。
乌克兰军队继续对被占领的赫尔松州的俄罗斯通信基础设施进行中程打击。根据 10 月 5 日发布的地理定位视频显示,乌克兰军队袭击了位于奥列克西夫卡以东(距前线约 145 公里)的 E-105 辛菲罗波尔-梅利托波尔公路沿线的两个俄罗斯移动通信站。[42]
俄罗斯空袭、导弹和无人机行动
注:自 8 月 11 日起,乌克兰军方停止定期报告俄罗斯发射的导弹数量和拦截的导弹数量。[43]
10月5日至6日夜间,俄罗斯军队对乌克兰发动了一系列无人机袭击。乌克兰空军报告称,俄罗斯军队从奥廖尔和库尔斯克市、斯摩棱斯克州沙塔洛沃、罗斯托夫州米列罗沃、克拉斯诺达尔边疆区滨海-阿赫塔尔斯克、被占领的顿涅茨克市、被占领的克里米亚赫瓦尔季斯克以及亚速海上空,发射了137架“沙赫德”型(包括49架喷气式无人机)和“格贝拉”型攻击无人机、“班德罗尔”或“丹-T”巡飞弹以及“帕罗迪亚”型诱饵无人机。[44] 乌克兰空军报告称,乌克兰军队击落了114架无人机,不明飞行物袭击了17个地点,另有4个地点落有碎片。
俄罗斯展示了“曙光”(Rassvet)卫星互联网星座的地面终端,这将使俄军能够提高远程无人机打击的范围和精度。负责开发“曙光”星座的俄罗斯航空航天公司1440设计局于10月6日展示了三款地面终端,用户可以通过这些终端连接到该星座并访问互联网。[45] 1440设计局表示,这三款终端在尺寸、连接速度以及为高速移动车辆提供不间断连接的能力方面有所不同。目前,由于缺乏移动地面终端,即使在乌克兰境内无人机飞行时有限的连接窗口期内,俄军也无法充分利用“曙光”卫星网络。广泛采用移动式“曙光”地面终端并进一步扩展现有的“曙光”卫星星座,将使俄军能够显著提升其远程精确打击能力和前线通信能力。[46]将便携式“曙光”(Rassvet)终端集成到战术和远程打击无人机中,将使俄罗斯军队能够在仅受“曙光”卫星星座覆盖范围限制的范围内控制无人机并向其传输数据,从而提高无人机的精度和抵抗传统电子战系统的能力。目前,俄罗斯军队依赖网状无线电网络进行远程精确无人机打击,这限制了俄罗斯操作员能够保持连接和实时控制无人机的范围。
不明无人机在黑海保加利亚和罗马尼亚沿岸袭击了三艘货船。罗马尼亚内政部报告称,10月5日上午,一艘位于罗马尼亚专属经济区、距圣格奥尔基以南约30海里的船只发生火灾,造成两人死亡,船只沉没。[47] 保加利亚总理鲁门·拉德夫于10月6日表示,不明无人机在黑海保加利亚专属经济区、距比亚拉以东约70海里的海域袭击了两艘商船,其中一艘沉没,船员全部遇难,另一艘船上两名船员受伤。[48] 一个开源的X频道确认,无人机在保加利亚沿岸袭击的两艘船只分别为“Able”号(IMO 9001136)和“Alfa Watan”号(IMO 7510884)。[49]
乌克兰持续研发和生产经济有效的反制措施,以应对俄罗斯的喷气式无人机和小型巡航导弹。乌克兰总统泽连斯基10月5日表示,乌克兰目前正从全球各地采购F-16战斗机弹药,F-16战斗机是应对俄罗斯喷气式“格朗”(Geran)无人机最有效的反制措施之一。[50] 泽连斯基还表示,他与法国总统马克龙已达成一致,乌克兰飞行员将开始接受法国“阵风”(Rafale)战斗机的训练。乌克兰军队依靠机载20毫米旋转机炮和空空导弹击落俄罗斯空中目标,特别是喷气式攻击无人机。[51]研发、生产和采购经济高效的俄罗斯喷气式无人机和小型巡航导弹反制措施,对于乌克兰提升其防空系统适应性和韧性,以应对俄罗斯不断涌现的新技术(包括乌克兰研发出有效反制喷气式无人机的手段后,俄罗斯可能部署的新技术)至关重要。这些潜在的乌克兰措施包括螺旋桨式和喷气式无人机拦截器、经济高效的地对空导弹、自动化和有人驾驶机枪炮塔以及便携式防空导弹系统(MANPADS)。这些措施将使乌克兰能够建立一套适应性强、多层次的防空体系,从而有效应对俄罗斯的新型武器。
白俄罗斯的重大活动
没有什么重大事项需要报告。
注:ISW 不接收任何来源的机密材料,仅使用公开信息,并广泛参考俄罗斯、乌克兰和西方媒体的报道和社交媒体,以及市售卫星图像和其他地理空间数据作为报告的基础。所有参考资料均列于每份更新报告的尾注中。
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