European military-industrial output for Ukraine outpaces the US

THE HAGUE, Netherlands — European military industrial production in support of Ukraine has overtaken American output for the first time since Russia’s invasion, new numbers released Tuesday show.

According to the tally by the German Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Europe allocated at least €35.1 billion ($41.1 billion) in military industrial output to Ukraine between the start of the war in February 2022 and the end of June 2025. This is €4.4 billion ($5.15 billion) more than the U.S. committed in the same period.

The continent also overtook the U.S. in terms of total military aid in the spring, following a sharp rise in European support for Ukraine in response to America’s withdrawal under the nascent Trump administration. EU countries have allocated over $65 billion in military assistance to Ukraine, according to the Union’s own tally . Additionally, several non-EU European countries are major donors, bringing up the European total.

The numbers do not include the recently announced American weapons deliveries, which are the first large batch approved by President Donald Trump’s administration, because they will be purchased by Kyiv, rather than donated.

The disparity is even greater when accounting for other forms of aid, too. Europe has allocated €167.4 billion ($196.1 billion) in government aid to Kyiv and pledged another €90 billion ($105.4 billion), according to the Kiel Institute’s tracker. The U.S. has allocated and pledged €114.6 billion ($134.3 billion) and €4.35 billion ($5.1 billion), respectively.

Although Europe’s combined clout has consolidated to buttress Ukraine, the U.S. nonetheless remains the single largest donor. Its combined total is nearly twice that of the second-largest donor, the European Union, which has provided €60.5 billion ($70.9 billion) in financial aid and €2.7 billion ($3.2 billion) in humanitarian assistance.

The U.S. has also provided to Ukraine more infantry fighting vehicles and howitzers than any other single country, as well as multiple launch rocket systems and air defense systems. However, European tallies combined surpass the U.S. in all of these categories.

The No. 1 European donor country is Germany, although as a portion of their gross domestic product, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia lead the pack. Denmark’s aid to Ukraine amounts to 2.9% of the country’s GDP, plus a further 0.4% if EU-provided assistance is considered in the tally.

Poland has also been a significant supporter, including coming out as the No. 1 tank provider for Ukraine, having sent Kyiv a total of 354 tanks. The Netherlands has provided 104 and Denmark 94.

Kiel Institute researchers noted that many of the weapons now going to Ukraine come straight from the military-industrial output of the sending countries, rather than from preexisting stockpiles, as had been the case in the earlier days of the war.

Early on, stockpiles of weapons and gear had run low across many Western countries as the systems were rushed to the frontlines in Ukraine in defense against the Russian invasion.

Unlike unpredictable American assistance, European support has remained consistent — and even expanded — as fighting in Ukraine dragged on into its fourth year.

In May and June 2025 alone, European governments allocated €10.5 billion ($12.3 billion) in new military assistance, of which at least €4.6 billion ($5.4 billion) is being routed through procurement contracts, rather than pulled from existing stockpiles, underscoring the growing centrality of industrial output over surplus arsenals.

Linus Höller is Defense News' Europe correspondent and OSINT investigator. He reports on the arms deals, sanctions, and geopolitics shaping Europe and the world. He holds master’s degrees in WMD nonproliferation, terrorism studies, and international relations, and works in four languages: English, German, Russian, and Spanish.

荷兰海牙——周二公布的新数据显示，自俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来，欧洲为支持乌克兰而进行的军事工业生产首次超过了美国的产量。

根据德国基尔世界经济研究所的统计，从2022年2月战争爆发到2025年6月底，欧洲至少向乌克兰提供了351亿欧元（411亿美元）的军工产品。这比美国同期投入的资金多出44亿欧元（51.5亿美元）。

今年春季，随着美国在特朗普政府初期撤军，欧洲对乌克兰的支持力度大幅提升，欧洲大陆在对乌克兰的军事援助总额上也超过了美国。根据欧盟自身的统计，欧盟国家已向乌克兰提供了超过650亿美元的军事援助。此外，一些非欧盟的欧洲国家也是重要的援助国，进一步推高了欧洲的援助总额。

这些数字不包括最近宣布的美国武器交付，这是唐纳德·特朗普总统政府批准的第一批大宗武器，因为这些武器将由基辅购买，而不是捐赠。

如果将其他形式的援助也考虑在内，这种差距就更大了。基尔研究所的数据显示，欧洲已向基辅拨款1674亿欧元（1961亿美元）的政府援助，并承诺再提供900亿欧元（1054亿美元）。而美国已拨款1146亿欧元（1343亿美元），并承诺提供43.5亿欧元（51亿美元）。

尽管欧洲各国联合起来加强对乌克兰的支持，但美国仍然是最大的单一捐助国。其援助总额几乎是第二大捐助国欧盟的两倍，欧盟已提供605亿欧元（709亿美元）的财政援助和27亿欧元（32亿美元）的人道主义援助。

美国向乌克兰提供的步兵战车、榴弹炮、多管火箭炮和防空系统数量均超过其他任何单一国家。然而，欧洲国家在所有这些类别中的援助总量都超过了美国。

欧洲最大的援助国是德国，但按援助额占国内生产总值（GDP）的比例计算，丹麦、爱沙尼亚、立陶宛和拉脱维亚位居前列。丹麦对乌克兰的援助占该国GDP的2.9%，如果将欧盟提供的援助也计算在内，则占GDP的0.4%。

波兰也是乌克兰的重要支持者，是乌克兰最大的坦克供应国，共向基辅提供了354辆坦克。荷兰提供了104辆，丹麦提供了94辆。

基尔研究所的研究人员指出，现在运往乌克兰的许多武器直接来自出口国的军工生产，而不是像战争初期那样来自现有的库存。

战争初期，由于武器装备被紧急运往乌克兰前线抵御俄罗斯入侵，许多西方国家的武器装备储备都已告罄。

与难以预测的美国援助不同，随着乌克兰战事进入第四年，欧洲的支持一直保持稳定，甚至有所扩大。

仅在 2025 年 5 月和 6 月，欧洲各国政府就拨款 105 亿欧元（123 亿美元）用于新的军事援助，其中至少 46 亿欧元（54 亿美元）是通过采购合同拨付的，而不是从现有库存中提取，这凸显了工业产出相对于剩余军火库日益增长的核心地位。

林努斯·霍勒是《防务新闻》的欧洲记者和开源情报调查员。他报道影响欧洲乃至全球的军火交易、制裁和地缘政治。他拥有大规模杀伤性武器不扩散、恐怖主义研究和国际关系三个硕士学位，并精通英语、德语、俄语和西班牙语四种语言。